探討大學生性別、憂鬱反芻及生氣反芻對憂鬱之影響

The Effect of Gender, Depressive Rumination and Anger Rumination on Depression in Undergraduates

秦蘋瑩(Ping-Ying Chin)

指導教授 ： 洪福建

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700292

摘要

研究背景與目的：國內外研究均發現男女在憂鬱症比率約為1：2，在憂鬱症狀表現上有其性別差異，女性較多低落反應，而男性較多生氣反應，而反芻是憂鬱個體主要的情緒調節，可能男女在思考方式有所不同，形成其憂鬱比率之差異，加上過往研究指出生氣反芻為生氣情緒影響憂鬱情緒的部分中介變項，因此本研究納入性別、憂鬱反芻及生氣反芻共同探討，了解對憂鬱之影響。
研究方法：研究對象為中原及元智大學之大學生，男性224名，女性283名，共507名。研究者於班級中進行團體施測，以貝克憂鬱量表、中文版Gotland男性憂鬱量表測量憂鬱症狀；中文版反應風格量表修訂短版測量憂鬱反芻；台灣修訂版生氣反芻量表測量生氣反芻。
研究結果：研究結果顯示，除少部分症狀表現外，傳統憂鬱及男性憂鬱均無性別差異，中文版Gotland男性憂鬱量表也未能篩檢更多男性憂鬱者。在生氣反芻的性別差異上，男性顯著高於女性，而憂鬱反芻則沒有性別差異。男女均發現生氣反芻不僅完全中介憂鬱反芻和傳統憂鬱，也部分中介憂鬱反芻和男性憂鬱之間的關係，此外，路徑分析顯示，憂鬱反芻未能直接地顯著預測傳統憂鬱。
研究討論：現今男女逐漸擺脫性別角色之束縛，不僅症狀表現與過往不同，可能亦在憂鬱症狀表現的差異越來越小。本研究發現生氣反芻扮演重要的中介角色，女性從低落悲傷反應轉為具侵略性及易怒等外化症狀，值得進一步關注。

關鍵字

性別差異 ； 憂鬱 ； 男性憂鬱 ； 憂鬱反芻 ； 生氣反芻

並列摘要

Background and purpose：Previous studies have suggested the prevalence ratio of men and women in depression is about 1:2. There were gender differences in depressive syndrome, women were more response about sad and depressed, and men were more anger reaction. Rumination were one of mainly emotion regulation in major depression. Maybe men and women in the way of thinking is different, becomes the different of prevalence ratio in depression. Evidence has demonstrated the mediating role of anger rumination on the relation between anger and major depressive disorder. The aim of study was to explore the effect of gender, depressive rumination, and anger rumination on depression.
Methods：Students (223 males, 283 females) of the Chung Yuan Christian University of Taiwan, were asked to participate in classes and complete the following self-report questionnaires：the BDI for depression, the Chinese Version of the Gotland Male Depression Scale (CV-GMDS) for male depression, the Chinese Response Style Questionnaire　for depressive rumination and the Anger Rumination Scale for anger rumination.
Results：The study showed there were no gender differences in BDI and CV-GMDS, except for few symptoms, CV-GMDS also failed to screen more male depression. Men reported higher rates of anger rumination with women, there were no gender differences in depressive rumination. In both women and men, the relationship between depressive rumination and BDI is completely mediated by anger rumination, the relationship between depressive rumination and CV-GMDS is partially mediated by anger rumination. Further Path analysis were displayed that depressive rumination failed to directly predict BDI.
Discussion：Now men and women gradually get rid of the shackles of gender roles, not only the performance of the symptoms and the past is different, may also appear in the symptoms of depression more and more small differences. Anger rumination played a mediating role on the relation between depressive rumination and depression. Women from the sadness of the reaction to externalizing symptoms such as aggressive and irritability, it is worth further attention.

並列關鍵字

Gender difference ； Sex difference ； Depression ； Male depression ； Depressive rumination ； Anger rumination

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