摘要 前言:近年來受虐人次逐年攀升,虐待會損害個體有效完成發展作業,尤其青少年時期是建立正向自我概念、發展成為獨立個體的關鍵時期,故本文將研究對象設定為受虐青少年。虐待事件在概念上可視為創傷事件,並獲得相關研究的證實。過去針對受虐群體的研究指出不利適應的症狀與偏差的行為結果為兩大值得被關注的現象,受虐青少年呈現較多創傷後壓力症狀與自傷行為。目前最常被採用來解釋受創個體如何處理創傷後壓力症狀的機制為認知基模,另一方面,受創個體自傷頻率提高的認知信念也受到重視,但都有待後續研究加以驗證。 目的:不當的家庭經驗易使受虐者形成早期不適應基模,本研究企圖以早期不適應基模做為探究受虐青少年創傷後壓力症狀被維持與自傷頻率程度提高的認知因素,並以受創青少年、無受創青少年做為對照組,以突顯虐待事件對個體後續適應的影響。 方法:樣本為120位曾有受虐經驗的青少年、235位經歷創傷事件的青少年、235位未經歷創傷事件的青少年。填寫個人基本資料問卷、Young基模量表-簡版、創傷後壓力症候群指標量表青少年版、自我傷害量表,以差異比較、皮爾森積差相關、及線性迴歸進行統計分析。 結果:(1)受虐青少年在大部份早期不適應基模、創傷後壓力症狀嚴重度、自傷頻率程度均顯著高於受創青少年與無受創青少年。(2)早期不適應基模能預測創傷後壓力症狀嚴重度,受虐與受創經驗會激發不同基模,不同基模對創傷後壓力症狀嚴重度指標的預測力也具有差異。(3)早期不適應基模能預測自傷頻率程度,各組激發的基模與基模的預測效力均具有差異。 討論:本研究證實早期不適應基模對創傷後壓力症狀維持與自傷頻率程度提高有顯著貢獻,於文中討論與過去認知理論及相關研究的關聯性,並說明研究限制與未來可行的研究方向。
Abstract Introduction: The abused person increased steadily in recent years. Exposure to abusive event often interferes with developmental tasks people need to accomplish in order to become competent members of society. In particular, adolescence is to build positive self-concept, developed into a critical period of independent individual. Therefore, to explore the impact of abuse on adolescents is necessary. Abusive event takes a toll on more subtle aspects of functioning, such as cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional functioning. Furthermore, abuse can be considered in the concept of traumatic events, and access to relevant research confirmed. It is worth noting that abused adolescents tend to show more symptoms of post-traumatic stress and high level of self-injurious behavior. Currently the most commonly diverted to explain how to deal with post-traumatic stress symptoms as cognitive schema. On the other hand, by creating increased frequency of individual self-injury cognitive beliefs are valued. However, further studies have to be verified. Purpose: Early maladaptive schema that develop primarily as a result of maltreatment. Thus, the present thesis aimed to explore post-traumatic stress symptoms is maintained and increased level of self-injury frequency, by using early maladaptive schema for the research of the cognitive elements. In addition, this study used traumatized adolescents and non-traumatized adolescents as a control group to highlight the follow-up effects of abusive event. Method: Participants included 120 abused adolescents, 235 traumatized adolescents, and 235 non-traumatized adolescents. They were administered the Basic information Questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire-short form(YSQ-S3), UCLA PTSD Index for DSM-IV(UCLA-PTSD-RI), Adolescent Version, and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory(DSHI). ANOVA, ANCOVA, pearson product-moment correlation, and linear regression were applied as the method of statistical analysis in this study. Results: Results indicated that (1) Most part of early maladaptive schema, post-traumatic stress symptoms severity, and frequency of self-injury in abused adolescents were significantly higher than traumatized adolescents and non-traumatized adolescents. (2) Post-traumatic stress symptoms severity could be predicted by early maladaptive schema. Experience of abuse and trauma will arouse different schemas. Different archetypes of post-traumatic stress symptom severity, the predictive power of schemas also have differences. (3) The frequency of self-injury could be predicted by early maladaptive schema. All groups will arouse different schemas and the predictive power of schemas with a difference. Discussion: This study confirms a significant contribution to early maladaptive schema in the maintenance of post-traumatic stress symptoms and improvement of self-injury frequency. Discussed in the text associated with the cognitive theory and the relevance of research .Study limitations and future directions were also addressed.
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