高科技產業是以技術為基礎而發展,因此技術知識的流動為產業發展的重要過程。藉由技術擴散觀點剖析產業的變遷,有助於了解技術流動的發展軌跡。近年來,台灣與中國在全球FPD市場中快速成長,成為一股不容忽視的力量,故本研究期望透過技術擴散的概念切入FPD產業發展之議題,探究台灣與中國FPD技術流動的機制,並勾勒出技術擴散因素與模式間的關係;另外,由於FPD產業為一知識密集產業,又人力資源扮演擴散過程中重要的節點,因此本研究亦期望藉由調查促使人力流動之原因,分析人力資源於FPD技術擴散過程中所扮演的角色。 本研究經由層級分析法(Analytical Hierarchy Process;AHP)與層級評分法(Hierarchy Scoring Method) 協同專家意見,在成對比較下歸納出台灣與中國FPD技術擴散的主要媒介、關鍵影響因素與擴散模式間的關係。然而,根據文獻可知人力資源是高科技知識流動的重要載體,因此本研究欲進一步分析在FPD產業中,促使技術人才產生流動的原因。本研究之問卷調查對象以在FPD產業任職多年時間,並對FPD發展已有充分了解與經驗的企業中高階/研發主管為主,台灣與中國合計共回收有效問卷25份。 研究結果顯示,組織因素、企業研發水準、競爭強度與智慧財產權保護等四項是影響台灣FPD技術擴散的關鍵因素,在該四項因素的交互影響下,台灣的FPD技術擴散模式以「技術移轉或授權」、「研發聯盟」與「併購」為主;另外,技術的知識特性、競爭強度與政府政策等三項是影響中國FPD產業技術擴散的關鍵因素,在這三項因素的影響之下,中國FPD技術擴散模式則以「技術移轉或授權」與「挖角」為主。本研究也進一步發現,不論是在台灣或中國FPD技術流動的過程中,人才資源不僅被視為主要的技術擴散媒介,亦扮演重要的溝通角色,根據研究分析的結果,人力資源的移動多與組織策略、研發水準與技術未來的經濟效益有較大關係,故最後本研究針對政府政策制定與企業策略等方面提供相關的建議。
This research investigates the relationship between “diffusion factors” and “diffusion models” of flat panel display(FPD)industry in Taiwan and China. High-tech industry is developing based on technology, and the process of technology flow is very important for industrial development. Technology diffusion has been an evolution phenomenon in industry changes. However, in the course of diffusion, some media and factors interact to lead to different diffusion models. In order to understand the FPD industry through viewpoint of technology diffusion, this research draws the outline of the relationship between diffusion factors, diffusion models and media. This research analyzed the relationship between key diffusion factors and models by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Hierarchy Scoring Method. Furthermore, analyzed the factors of human resources mobility and the sources of enterprise technology by method of statistics. The results show that organization strategy is the most important factor for FPD technology diffusion in Taiwan, and there are other important factors:technology level, competition intensity and intellectual property protection. For China, knowledge characteristics of technology is the most important factors, and other factors are competition intensity and government policies. Beside, the results also show that the “authorized technological or transfer”, “R D alliance” and “merger acquisition” are the important diffusion models in Taiwan. And “authorized technological or transfer” and “talent raiding” are the main diffusion models in China. Finally, there is also found that R D personnel is the key medium in FPD industrial in Taiwan and China.
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