運用系統模擬探討供應鏈之緊急訂購與水平轉運機制

Applying System Simulation for Emergency Order and Lateral Transshipment Mechanisms under Supply Chain Environment

黃騰永(Teng-Yung Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳平舜

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201100763

摘要

摘要
在全球競爭的時代，顧客的需求更難以預測。預測高估實際狀況導致存貨囤積，使企業資金卡在庫存品無法更有效運用。預測低估現實狀況導致缺貨發生，企業容易失去市場。預測和實際狀況差異無法得知，因此企業如何降低成本和減少缺貨是一個關鍵及具有挑戰性的研究議題。為解決此議題，本研究的目的利用主動水平轉運和緊急訂購機制，來探討如何降低供應鏈的總成本。
本研究探討二階層供應鏈系統，上層有一個供應商，下層有三個零售商。在所有零售商均採用定期盤點(R,S)存貨策略與缺貨待補的情形下，探討以下四種情境，(I)：有主動水平轉運和有緊急訂購機制，(II)：有被動水平轉運和有緊急訂購機制，(III)：有主動水平轉運和無緊急訂購機制，和(IV)：有被動水平轉運和無緊急訂購機制，考慮不同的顧客變異、持有成本、缺貨成本、運輸成本、訂購成本、前置時間、緊急訂購檢閱天數和緊急訂購次數的參數，利用Arena軟體模擬分析不同參數下應選擇何種機制，可使供應鏈總成本降至最低。
本研究結果顯示主動水平轉運、被動水平轉運和緊急訂購機制均能降低供應鏈缺貨成本，但緊急訂購機制供應鏈總成本會增加，主動和被動水平轉運均能減少供應鏈總成本。在缺貨成本高時，傾向於採用被動水平轉運機制；運輸成本高時，傾向於採用主動水平轉運機制。總結而言，本研究能提供一個能降低供應鏈成本和提升服務水準的機制。

關鍵字

緊急訂購 ； 水平轉運 ； 系統模擬

並列摘要

Abstract
In the era of the global competition, it is more difficult to predict customer demands. The overestimation of customer demands leads to the high inventory and the heavy capital burden, but the underestimation of customer demands leads to out of stocks, which a company will lose the customer loyalty. However, there is always a difference between the forecasting and actual customer demands. Therefore, how a company reduces the inventory cost and avoid out of stocks is a critical and challenging issue. To solve this issue, this study develops appropriate lateral transshipment and emergency order mechanisms to reduce the total cost of the supply chain.
This research studies a two-echelon supply chain, which consists of a supplier and three retailers. All retailers apply the periodic review of the (R, S) inventory policy with the backorder condition. This study explores the following four situations: (I) the proactive lateral transshipment mechanism with the emergency order mechanism, (II) the reactive lateral transshipment mechanism with the emergency order mechanism, (III) the proactive lateral transshipment mechanism without the emergency order mechanism, and (IV) the reactive lateral transshipment mechanism without the emergency order mechanism. Further, this research performs sensitivity analyses with the conditions of variations of customers, holding cost, shortage cost, transportation cost, ordering cost, lead time, the review period of emergency orders, and the number of emergency orders. Finally, this study applies the Arena simulation software to form a model to decide the best mechanism based on different scenarios to minimize the total cost of the supply chain.
The results of this research indicate that (1) applying the proactive lateral transshipment mechanism, reactive lateral transshipment mechanism and emergency order mechanism can reduce the shortage cost of the supply chain; (2) applying the emergency order mechanism increases the total cost of the supply chain; and (3) applying the proactive and reactive lateral transshipment mechanisms can reduce the total cost of the supply chain. For the higher shortage cost condition, the application of the reactive lateral transshipment mechanism is preferred. For the higher transportation cost condition, the application of the proactive lateral transshipment mechanism is preferred. Overall, the outcomes of this research can provide an appropriate mechanism based on different scenarios to reduce total cost of the supply chain and improve the customer satisfaction.

並列關鍵字

lateral transshipment ； system simulation ； emergency order

參考文獻

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