論洪秀全的上帝觀－以《太平天日》、《天理要論》、《三字經》為例

本論文以文本分析以方法研究太平天囯（1851-1864）的三個文本－《太平天日》、《天理要論》、《三字經》，以探討洪秀全本人的上帝觀：《太平天日》：此文本是記載太平天囯天王洪秀全在1837年所作的異夢。1837年，洪秀全因遭遇第三次考試的失敗，自廣州回到自己的家中，生了一場大病。就在該年的三月初一日的午夜，他見到無數天使接他到天上。在天上他見到一位著黑袍蓄金鬚的老者，此人即是「天父皇上帝」。上帝對洪秀全說，世人因受到魔鬼的迷惑而犯罪，也忘了要敬拜祂，所以要遭受許多痛苦。除了上帝之外，洪秀全在天上還見到天母（並非耶穌的母親－馬利亞）、天兄耶穌基督、天嫂（耶穌的妻子）以及他在天上的另外一位妻子。上帝和天兄教導洪秀全如何斬妖除魔，又賜給他一把名為「雲中雪」的劍和金璽。上帝派遣他回到地上，消滅邪惡並建立一個敬拜上帝的國家。《天理要論》：本書為洪秀全將倫敦宣道會（London Missionary Society）宣教師麥都思（Walter Henry Medhurst，1796－1857）之同名著作（作者之署名為「尚德者」，原作共二十四章）之第一至八章內容刪節修改而成。《三字經》：本書於1852年出版，係洪秀全仿照中國傳統同名之幼童啟蒙書籍體裁所作的著作。內容是記載以色列人的歷史（創世記和出埃及記）、耶穌基督的生平、中國的歷史以及太平天囯的教義。

關鍵字

太平天國；洪秀全；太平天日；天理要論；三字經

並列摘要

This thesis uses the method of text analyzing to research three texts of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Tai-ping-tian-guo) – Tai-ping-tian-ri, Tian-li-yao-lun and San-zi-jing. I would like to discuss Hong Xiu-quan’s views on God. 1.Tai-ping-tian-ri: This text records the dream of Hong Xiu-quan in 1837. Hong Xiu-quan had failed on his examination at the third time in 1837. He returned to his home from Guangzhou. He had a serious illness. At midnight of March 1 of 1837, Hong Xiu-quan was taken by a lots of angels to the Heaven. In Heaven, he saw a old man with golden breed and in black dragon rope who is God the father Highest Emperor (Tian-fu-huang-shang-di). God told to Hong Xiu-quan, because the human was confused by the devils to sin, so they had forgotten to worship Him, they were also suffering in pain. Except for God, Hong Xiu-quan had seen Holy Mother (who is not mother of Jesus Christ – Maria), Holy Brother Jesus Christ, Holy Sister-in-law (Jesus’ wife) and his another wife in Heaven. God and Jesus taught Hong Xiu-quan how to kill the devils and gave him a sword (which name is “Snow in the Cloud”) and a golden seal. God send him back to the ground to kill the evils and establish a kingdom whose people worship God. 2.Tian-li-yao-lun: This text is adapted by Hong Xiu-quan from the missionary of London Missionary Society - Walter Henry Medhurst’s (1796－1857) original work (which has the same Chinese title). Hong extracted the original work’s chapter one to chapter eight and tried to adapt the contents for his own thinking. 3.San-zi-jing: This text is written by Hong Xiu-quan, he want to imitate the Chinese traditional children’s textbook - San-zi-jing’s pattern. It records: the history of Israel (Genesis and Exodus), the life of Jesus Christ, the history of China and the doctrine of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

並列關鍵字

God ； Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Tai-ping-tian-guo) ； San-zi-jing ； Tian-li-yao-lun ； Tai-ping-tian-ri

參考文獻

夏春濤，《天國的隕落：太平天國宗教再研究》（北京：中國人民大學出版社，2000）

史景遷（Jonathan D. Spence）《太平天國》[God‘s Chinese Son： The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan]，朱慶葆等譯，上（台北：時報出版社：2003）

———，《太平天國》[God‘s Chinese Son： The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan]，朱慶葆等譯，下（台北：時報出版社：2003）

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論洪秀全的上帝觀－以《太平天日》、《天理要論》、《三字經》為例

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