夜間開放空間的光環境與人們停留位置選擇的關係

國內對於行為模式之探討，由早期「田野調查」的推論研究，到近期「影像模擬」的科學研究論證，始終是以日間開放空間為研究對象。對於亞熱帶地區的我國而言，夜間開放空間的活躍不亞於日間開放空間。本研究旨在探討，夜間開放空間光環境與設施物對人們停留行為之影響。首先以「田野調查」的方式，於夜間開放空間中進行現況調查，以影像紀錄(照片)與照度值兩種方式，作為停留行為與空間環境特徵紀錄之方式。其次以「3D影像模擬」的方式，藉由受測者實驗與統計分析，瞭解人們於夜間開放空間中，喜愛停留的空間其環境特徵為何。研究結果指出：(一)人們於夜間開放空間中，受到環境相對明亮與黑暗的影響＞空間明亮程度(照度lux值)之影響。(二)不同類型的人群組合，對於停留環境有以下不同之需求，可區分為：單獨一人的停留行為、純女性(兩人以上)停留行為與一般性的停留行為三種。(三)夜間開放空間中，人們受光環境之影響＞設施物圍塑性之影響。(四)人們對於角落空間的喜愛關係如下：夜間開放空間：最亮圍塑性高＞最亮圍塑性低＞次亮圍塑性高。日間開放空間：圍塑性高具有陰影＞圍塑性高不具陰影＞圍塑性低不具陰影(五)設施物於日夜開放空間中，對人們產生兩種不同之影響：1.空間的界定與圍塑性而言，夜間開放空間：圍籬＞小樹(單顆)；日間開放空間：小樹(單顆)＞圍籬。2.人們受設施物軸向之影響：夜間開放空間：受X軸設施物(垂直於燈具且較接近燈具)影響較大；日間開放空間：受Y軸設施物(平行於燈具且遠離燈具)影響較大。(六)性別對於空間的喜好有以下的差別：夜間開放空間：女性受光環境與空間圍塑性影響較大；男性受設施物形狀影響較大，喜歡停留於柱狀物前方。日間開放空間：男性較女性喜歡停留於柱狀物周圍。(七)座椅的設置雖大幅提升人們的接近，以及降低設施物對人們所產生之影響，但對於空間氛圍的影響較低。另外可發現，夜開放空間對於「座椅」的喜好＞日間開放空間。根據本研究之分析結果，若要在夜間開放空間中建置一個良好的等待空間，首先要區分整體環境的相對明亮與黑暗程度。以相對明亮而言：停留者會遠離燈具、躲在有遮蔽物的位置，甚至直接隱藏於陰影之中；相對黑暗而言：停留者普遍會停留於較明亮的位置。其次以設施物的圍塑作為輔助，最後是考量座椅的設置。

關鍵字

夜間開放空間；光環境；停留；設施物

並列摘要

The discussion on behavior mode in our country, from the inference of “field investigation” to the empirical study of “image simulation,” was focus on day open space. Located on the subtropics, Taiwan has active night open space activities no less than day open space. This study discusses the influence of light environment and facilities in night open space have on people’s halting behaviors. First, we investigate the current situation in night open space by “field investigation.” Image record (photographs) and luminance are two methods to record halting behavior and the features of night open space. Second, we adapt “3D image simulation” to understand the feature of night open space that people like to stop by through response experiment and statistic. The research results point out that (1) in night open space people are influenced greater by the relative brightness and darkness than the influence of the brightness (lux value); (2) different groups of people have different needs as to the halting environment, which can divide into single halting behavior, female (more than two girls) halting behavior, and normal halting behavior; (3) in night open space, people are influenced greater by light environment than the confined facilities. (4) People love the corner space as follows: night open space: highest brightness confined> lowest brightness confine>second brightness confined; day open space: high confined with shadow> high confined without shadow> low confined without shadow. (5) facilities in day open space have two different influences on people:1. In define and confined of space: night open space: fence > small tree (single); day open space: small tree (single) > fence. 2. In the influence of facility axis: night open space has greater influence on X axis (the light that is perpendicular and closer); day open space has greater influence on Y axis (the light that is horizontal and farther). (6) Different genders have different fond on the following: night open space: female has greater influence on light environment and confined; male is influenced by the shape of the facility so they like to stop in front of the column-like objects; day open space: male likes to stop more in front of the column-like objects than female. (7) The placement of the seats allows people to get closer and lower the influence of the facilities on people; however, it has lower influence on the atmosphere. We also find that the fond of “seats” in night open space is greater than day open space. According to the analysis result of this research, if it is to establish a great waiting space in night open space, the first thing is to distinguish the relative brightness and darkness of the whole surrounding. Speaking of relative brightness, the halters will stay away from the light, hide in the shelter-like place, or even hide in the shade; as to darkness, the halters are tend to stay at brighter spot. Then auxiliary with the confined of the facility and finally consider the setting of the seats.