不同土壤表土蒸發量之現地試驗

The Evaporation of Different Soil Surface in Situ Experiment

羅維清(Wei-Qing Luo)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201200906

摘要

摘要
水文循環過程中蒸發量扮演相當重要角色，尤其在水收支平衡計算上
更不可或缺。臺灣受到地理及氣候影響，降雨於時間與空間上分布不均，
加上地形變化起伏、河川短促，不易將降雨攔蓄利用，使得大部份雨水都
直接奔流入海，使得台灣可利用的水資源更加有限。
影響土壤蒸發量的因子很多，特別是土壤種類與其含水量多寡直接影
響到蒸發量。因此本文選擇紅土、細砂、砂質壤土與級配砂等4 種土樣，
進行全程蒸發過程之現地試驗，其研究結果將有助於探討不同土壤含水量
與蒸發量關係式之建立。本研究於中原大學校園進行現地試驗，每日以秤
重法量測土壤與自由水面蒸發量，再依照土壤含水量與土水蒸發比的相互
關係，利用OriginPro 8.5 軟體繪製含水量與蒸發比之關係圖，則可得知不
同土壤之蒸發推估式。
研究結果顯示，土壤含水量與土水蒸發比迴歸關係式，其迴歸判定係
數均大於0.8。另將實驗量測之自由水面蒸發量與氣象站蒸發皿資料比較，
得到春季修正係數為0.54，夏季修正係數為0.67，將兩修正係數平均得其
值為0.605，此值對模式之建立具有参考價值。研究最後以模式計算結果與
試驗結果比較，其值大致符合，因此本研究所建立之不同土壤蒸發量與含
水量關係式，可實際用於長期土壤蒸發總量之估算。

關鍵字

土壤蒸發 ； 土壤含水量 ； 土水蒸發比

並列摘要

Abstract
In the process of the hydrological circulation, Evapotranspiration plays a very important
role. Specifically in hydraulic engineering, it is important items in water balance computation.
In Taiwan Affected by the geography and climate, rainfall is uneven distribution of time and
space,and terrain changes and fluctuations is very giant、river is short and rapid,because
rainfall intercepts and stores is not easy to use, so rain flows into the sea directly, Available
water resource is more limited in Taiwan. There is many influence factors in soiltranspiration
rate, includes meteorological variables, the moisture amount and type of soil will also directly
affect soil evaporation.Therefore, in this paper, four kinds of soil evaporation process will be
researched and analysised, The outcome of the study will contribute to the model setting up of
different soil moisture and evaporation.
The experiment was performed at the Chung Yuan Christian University, using weighing
method for measured soil evaporation and the free water surface evaporation every
day ,according to the between the change of the water content of the soil and the ratio of soil
to water,using OriginPro 8.5 draw the diagram of dimensionless of water content and
evaporation rate, will know the soil full of evaporation results.
The result shows, the interrelationship between the change of the water content of the
soil and the ratio of soil to water, after the regression analysis by OriginPro 8.5, the R-square
values are all greater than 0.8. In addition to Compare the experimental measurements of free
surface evaporation and the weather station of Pan Data, Spring correction factor of 0.54,
Summer correction factor of 0.67, average the value of 0.605.There is a great help for
Hydro-meteorological model established and very valuable reference. Finally, the model and
experimental results are broadly in line with, therefore, verify the mode can use to calculate
the soil evaporation.

並列關鍵字

the ratio of soil to water ； soil evaporation ； soil moisture

參考文獻

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