憂鬱傾向者與非憂鬱傾向者對情緒自傳式記憶的提取誘發遺忘效果

Retrieval-Induced Forgetting of Emotional Autobiographical Memory in Depressive and Non-Depressive Individuals

吳俊昇(Jyung-Sheng Wu)

指導教授 ： 譚偉象

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2013.00348

摘要

提取誘發遺忘典範提供了一個很好的實驗程序以研究個體在經過提取練習之後，經過練習的項目與未經練習的同類別項目在提取率上有何改變。本研究以97名大學生為樣本，使用人際及學業兩個線索字詞，要求不同情緒狀態的受試者提取相關的自傳式記憶，分析其自傳式記憶的特性並進行以自傳式記憶為材料的提取誘發遺忘研究。結果發現，大學生族群中，非憂鬱傾向的受試者在提取自傳式記憶時產生與心情一致的提取效果，而憂鬱傾向的受試者則否，此結果可能意味著自傳式記憶的提取與情緒的改變動機有關聯。此外，進行提取練習之後，憂鬱傾向的受試者對於人際、學業記憶都未產生提取誘發遺忘效果，而非憂鬱傾向的受試者雖然在提取練習學業記憶之後，對正向學業記憶、負向學業記憶都產生了抑制的效果，但人際記憶一樣也未產生提取誘發遺忘效果。總結來說，以自傳式記憶為材料的提取誘發遺忘效果會受到提取的線索類別所影響，與自我相關較高的人際記憶不容易發生遺忘，而個體的情緒狀態也會影響提取誘發遺忘效果的發生，憂鬱傾向者相對非憂鬱傾向者不容易產生遺忘效果，可能的原因在於憂鬱傾向者缺乏執行控制的能力，以至於無法抑制相關記憶的提取。此結果可能暗示了憂鬱傾向者無法抑制相關記憶的提取是造成侵入性記憶的原因之一，亦可能與憂鬱狀態的維持有關。

關鍵字

憂鬱 ； 自傳式記憶 ； 提取誘發遺忘

並列摘要

The retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm (RIF; Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994) provides an experimental methodology for indexing the impact of repeated retrieval on both practiced and unpracticed memories. In one experiment, we examined the effects of depressive and non-depressive individuals on retrieval-induced forgetting of emotional memories. Participants recalled interpersonal and academic autobiographical memories by cued words, then practiced positive memories or negative memories. We found that only non-depressive individuals practiced academic memories showed RIF, but not for interpersonal memories and depressive individuals. We suggested that depressive individuals might have not enough ability to inhibit associative memories, therefore the depressive mood maintained. In the other aspect, interpersonal memories seems to more unforgettable than academic memories for college students. We suggested that memories more integrated and more often recalled memories were remembered better and much more unforgettable.

並列關鍵字

Depression ； Retrieval-induced forgetting ； Autobiographical memory

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