建構循環經濟模式之研究－以中國農村家禽業為例

Research on Developing a Circular Economy Model：A Study on the Poultry Industry in Rural China

張子強(Chang Tzu Chiang)

指導教授 ： 黃惠民

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700345

摘要

中國的經濟改革快速成長也使貧富差距日益擴大，加上近年來從2008年金融海嘯與2011年歐美公債的影響，因而中國產業歷經了二次產業的低迷期，除此之外，中國大陸自身業者崛起並盲目的競爭中國政府的補助，以致於城鄉差距的低迷期至今仍未見起色。
循環經濟是以資源的高效利用和循環利用為基本特徵的社會生產和再生產活動，以盡可能少的資源消耗，以及環境代價實現最大的經濟、社會和環境效益。即遵循“減量化、再利用、資源化和無害化”原則，調和社會生產和消費活動中從資源到廢棄物的物質流動方式，轉變傳統線性經濟的“大量開採、大量生產、大量消費、大量廢棄”的發展模式，減少社會經濟活動對生態環境的不利影響，促進人與自然的和諧發展，循環經濟是轉邁向永續發展的途徑，使規劃者在研擬經濟方案時，從循環的角度，分析並解決問題。
目前歐盟，美國，日本的生產模式仍以精實生產(Lean Production System)為主軸，而非以循環經濟為生產方向，循環經濟的本質不是金錢成本，而是生物再利用的循環程度。循環經濟在程度上沒有績效指標KPI( Key Performance Indicator)，計算後的數值只是一個數字，只要有循環，就是達成循環經濟指標。
Masullo(2017)認為要達成循環經濟的有機廢棄物管理，必需重建城鄉聯繫，人類經濟打破了自然經濟的循環，不考慮連鎖反應，其後果是污染和生物圈基本循環的不平衡，原本可回收數十億噸珍貴的材料變為廢棄物，也使土壤耗盡了質量。
本研究對農村嘗試以循環經濟的定義，以環境為經濟發展的首要因素，提供較具可行性的系統組織，並參考先進國家將循環經濟評價指標體系進行質化，導入本研究案例分析。藉由個案湖南省懷化市武陵山片區農村為例，所提出之循環經濟績效指標，可更快速掌握導入對象的相關績效，有助於個案如何與企業合作開發農村循環經濟模式，並可以作為個案未來經濟模式提升持續建構改善的戰略方向。

關鍵字

循環經濟 ； 家禽業 ； 中國農村

並列摘要

China's gap between rich and poor in the rural areas are deeper. Furthermore, the financial tsunami in 2008 and the impact of European and American bonds in 2011 cause China's industry has experienced a downturn in the secondary industry. In addition, the companies of mainland China itself rise rapidly, compete blindly and get subsidies from the government, so that the gap between urban and rural areas has not yet improved.
Circular economy is the social production and reproduction activities which are based on the efficient use and recycling of resources. With the lowest possible resource consumption and the environmental cost maximizing the social and environmental benefits. That is following the principle of reduction, re-use, resourcing and harmless, reconciling social production and consumption activities from resource to waste material flow and changing the developing model of the traditional "large-scale production, mass production, large consumption, improving resource productivity, reducing the adverse effects of socio-economic activities on the ecological environment and promoting the harmonious development of human and nature. The traditional linear economy depends on the "excessive use of raw materials - manufacturing production - excessive environmental waste". The circular economy is the way to move towards sustainable development. So that planners could analyze and solve the problem from the perspective of the circular economy when planning the development of economic programs.
At present, the production mode of the EU,US and Japan is still based on Lean Production System, rather than the circular economy as the production direction. The nature of circular economy is not the cost of money, but the level of recycling of bio-recycling. There is no performance index KPI (Key Performance Indicator), the calculated value is only a number, as long as there is a cycle, is to achieve circular economy indicators.
Andrea Masullo (2017) argues that to achieve organic waste management of circular economy, it is necessary to rebuild the connection between urban and rural areas. The human economy breaks the cycle of natural economy without considering the chain reaction. The consequences are pollution and the imbalance of the basic cycle of the biosphere. When we consume the biomass of the farmland in the urban area, billions of tons of precious materials make the soil run out of quality and cause waste management problems.
This study attempts to provide a more feasible system for the rural economy with the definition of the circular economy, the primary factor for the economic development of the environment and its system, and the introduction of the circular economy evaluation index system quality into the study case analysis. According to the case of Wuling Mountain Area in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, the circular economy performance indicators can be used to analyze the relevant performance of the imported objects. It also benefits that how to cooperate with the enterprises to develop the rural circular economy model, and can be used as a case for the future economic model to enhance the strategic direction of continuous improvement.

並列關鍵字

Circular Economy ； Poultry Industry ； Rural China.

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