以文化遺產中真實性與整體性之概念探討竹北六家園區經營管理模式

A Discussion on Zhubei Six-Clan Village’s Operating and Management Mode: Using the Concept of Authenticity and Integrity in Cultural Heritage

許依婷(I-Ting Hsu)

指導教授 ： 林曉薇

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600115

摘要

文化遺產的保存與經營，近年來已經是全世界的趨勢與共同課題。在國際組織上有許多關於文化遺產保存的憲章與規範，對於古蹟、歷史場所與文化景觀的保存與維護，均有明確的觀念與準則。1964年的《威尼斯憲章》一直都被公認為相關文化遺產保存的重要條約，其在導言部份就針對「真實性（authenticity）」提出明確的說明與觀念。爾後與多憲章與宣言都依循著《威尼斯憲章》的根基，針對真實性提出不同面向的討論與原則，可以看出國際上文化遺產的保存以真實性視為重要指標。1992年世界文化遺產執行的方針將文化景觀與文化路徑納入，從過去只討論有形文化資產，轉而延伸討論周圍多樣的無形文化資產，說明了文化遺產的概念更加的擴大，以文化遺產的「整體性（integrity）」為主要維護方針。許多憲章與規範都更進一步提出的「真實性」與「整體性」之觀念與準則，至現今仍然是大多數國家遵循的原則。
竹北六家地區的發展，從被預定為新竹高鐵站特定區時，就全面改變了樣貌，而留存下來的新瓦屋聚落與周邊的六張犁聚落和水圳系統，雖然經由客家委員會、國立交通大學客家學院與新竹縣文化局文資科的規劃，先後保存了部分古蹟與歷史建築，並成立了新瓦屋客家文化保存區，但在資金與空間利用的限制之下，依然面臨了經營管理與文化資產保存價值維護的問題。因此本研究針對六家園區的使用與經營之狀態進行檢討與分析。探討六家園區的變遷與價值，以文化遺產保存方法中「真實性」之內涵為基礎，討論六家園區之優勢與特色，並嘗試以文化遺產保存方法中「整體性」之概念，探悉竹北六家地區館舍未來之經營管理方向。
本篇論文的預期成果如下:
1.以文化景觀之概念檢視六家園區的特性與核心價值。
2.彙整新瓦屋客家文化保存區與民俗公園館舍運用與經營模式的變動與現況。
3.提供六家園區以文遺產保存概念之維護管理方向。

關鍵字

文化遺產；竹北六家；真實性；經營管理；整體性

並列摘要

In recent years, preserving and managing cultural heritage has become a global trend and common topic. There are many constitutions and regulations regarding the preservation and maintenance of cultural heritage, including historical monuments, places and cultural landscape, that state clear of the related concepts and norms. The Venice Charter (1964) has always been recognized as an important treaty regarding the preservation of cultural heritage. In the introduction section of the Venice Charter, it clearly states and elaborates the concept of authenticity. Various facets of the concept and its related regulations are later discussed in many other constitutions and declarations, all based on the Venice Charter. This shows authenticity in cultural heritage has been recognized as an important index worldwide. Both cultural landscape and cultural route have been imbibed into the operational guidelines for the implementation of the world heritage in 1992. Moreover, the integrity of cultural heritage also serves as a main guideline for conserving cultural heritage. This can be seen from expanding scope of cultural heritage being discussed from past to present. In the past, only tangible assets were considered as cultural heritage, nowadays, both tangible and intangible assets are considered. Until today, most countries in the world are still abiding by the rules and concepts of authenticity and integrity, as mentioned in many international constitutions and regulations.
The development of Zhubei Six-Clan village has changed completely after being designated as a Hsinchu High Speed Rail (HSR) Special District. With a collaborated urban plan by the Hakka Committee, National Chiao Tung University’s Department of Hakka Culture and Cultural Affairs Bureau of Hsinchu City, a portion of the historical monuments and buildings in areas of the Hsinwawu settlement, the Liuzhangli settlement and the surrounding irrigation system were conserved, they even established a Hsinwawu Hakka Culture Conservation Area. However, due to limited funds and space, they are faced with issues of operating, managing and maintaining the value and assets of their culture. This paper aims to discuss and analyze the operating mode of the Six-Clan village within the Conservation Area, focusing on the transition and value of the village. The aforementioned concept of authenticity would be used to discuss the advantages and features of the Six-Clan village. The concept of integrity would be used here to discuss future guidelines for operating and managing the Six-Clan village.
Topics of discussion in this paper are as the following:
1.Surveying the characteristics and core value of the Six-Clan village via the concept of cultural landscape.
2.Compiling the change and status quo of the operating mode of the Hsinwawu Hakka Culture Conservation Area and the Hakka Cultural Park buildings.
3.Making operation guidelines for the Six-Clan village based on the key concepts in cultural heritage conservations.

並列關鍵字

cultural heritage；Zhubei Six-Clan；authenticity；operating and managing；integrit

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