消費者集體損害救濟程序之研究-以小額損害事件為中心

A Study of Remedial Proceduce of Collective Damages of Consumer：Base on small Damages

曾雍博(Tseng-Yong Po)

指導教授 ： 陳乃瑜

中原大學/法學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201800113

摘要

近年來，我國因企業經營者違法行為致生多數消費者受有損害之消費爭議愈來愈多。(此即本文所稱之消費者集體損害事件)其中，部分事案類型從損失面觀察，雖然個別受害者之損失微小，然由於受害者眾且分散無法特定，故加總全部損失金額卻相當龐大(此即為本文所稱之小額損害事件)，而此種事案之商品或服務多與民生必需品有關，貼近一般國民消費生活，乃常見之消費爭議。
針對消費者集體損害事件，理論上我國目前有消費者保護法第50條，以及消費者保護法第54條、民事訴訟法第44條之1與第44條之2等制度得做為救濟渠道；而必須設問者為，面對愈來愈多之消費者集體損害事件，前揭制度於其程序架構上，是否真得滿足不同類型事案之受害者需求？尤其是與國民消費生活息息相關之小額損害事件？若否，則應當如何改善現行制度？
揆諸上揭制度均以保障各別受害者之權利實現作為定位，並採用選擇加入制(opt-in)作為程序架構。此種程序架構之優點在於徹底尊重權利歸屬者行使權利之意願，然是否得以滿足各種不同事案之需求，則有待考諸；而除此之外，外國立法例尚有所謂之選擇退出制(opt-out)與分階審理制，前者以美國之集團訴訟(class action)、後者以日本之消費者集體財產損害救濟民事訴訟特別法(消費者の財産的被害の集団的な回復のための民事の裁判手続の特例)為代表，此兩制度均為我國現行制度於改善方向上之提供了可能地思維。
本文重點即在於指出我國現行制度適用於小額損害事件之不足處，並分別介紹美國之集團訴訟(class action)與日本之消費者集體財產損害救濟民事訴訟特別法(消費者の財産的被害の集団的な回復のための民事の裁判手続の特例)，且嘗試理出此兩制度背後之思維，再以我國現行法體制與法價值之觀點，探討此兩制度繼受於我國之可能性，最後就小額損害事件之救濟程序，抒發自己之看法。

關鍵字

消費者集體損害事件；小額損害事件；消費者保護法第50條；消費者保護法第54條；民事訴訟法第44條之1；民事訴訟法第44條之2；選擇加入制；集團訴訟；選擇退出制；消費者集體財產損害救濟民事訴訟特別法；分階審理制

並列摘要

In recent years, events of multiple consumers were injured by traders’ wrongful act (events of collective damages of consumers) frequently occurred. Especially,some events were observed from damages angle,single consumer’s damages were small,but accumulate all consumers’ damages were not because of injured consumers were distributed.( events of small damages).These events are common consumer dispute because of the sale of goods or provision of services are relation with daily supplies.
In theory, the consumer protection law article 50, 54 and the code of civil procedure article 44-1, 44-2 are remedial proceduce of collective damages of consumers in Taiwan. It must be discussed can remedial proceduce of collective damages of consumers in Taiwan solve all types of events of collective damages of consumers,especially small damages？If not, how to improve legal system at present？
In general, remedial proceduce of collective damages of consumers in Taiwan use “opt-in”to solve events of collective damages of consumers.This legal system’s merit is absolutely respect injured consumers’willingness on enforcement of rights. In addition,there are also” opt-out”and “bifurcated trial”in foreign legal system, “Class action “and “Act on Special Measures Concerning Civil Court Proceedings for the Collective Redress for Property Damage Incurred by Consumers”come from U.S and Japan respectively. Both of them can offer opinion to solve events of collective small damages of consumers in Taiwan.
This article study the deficiency about remedial proceduce of collective damages of consumers in Taiwan apply to events of small damages, introduce to “Class action “and “Act on Special Measures Concerning Civil Court Proceedings for the Collective Redress for Property Damage Incurred by Consumers”and attempt to search for thinking behind both of them.Finally, this article will express ideas on structure about remedial proceduce of collective small damages of consumers.

並列關鍵字

consumer protection law article 50；consumer protection law article 54；the code of civil procedure article 44-1；the code of civil procedure article 44-2；opt-in；Class action；opt-out；bifurcated trial

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