玻璃對室內自然採光之影響

Effects of the Glass on daylight ability

陳成助(Chen-Chun Chen)

指導教授 ： 謝明燁 ； 曹拯元

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400042

摘要

摘要
　　本研究擬對不同透光率及不同貼膜之玻璃，在不同季節，不同入射角及不同方位與太陽之關係對室內採光之影響進行探討，藉由在戶外真實天空狀態下之縮尺比例模型進行實測方式，並採實證研究方式，透過實測驗證，俾能藉由圖表化之分析與電腦輔助建立之數值，有效輔助設計者迅速且正確的判斷，建築開口玻璃運用之適切性。了解各種不同透光率及不同貼膜玻璃對室內光環環境之影響程度。
　　玻璃透光率實測結果，驗證玻璃之透光率與室內外測得之照度比值成直線之正向比例關係。但相同透光率之玻璃在不同方位所測得之照度比值，卻因為太陽光投射方向不同，會有顯著之差異。均齊度之數值與玻璃可見光透過率間較無恆定的比率關係存在。北向開窗之玻璃因無太陽光直射因素，測得之數值其均齊度較高。南向玻璃因太陽方位及高度之影響，造成部份測量點受太陽光直射，所以均齊度較低。玻璃透光率之運用須考量室內晝光率之需求及方位因素。
　　玻璃貼膜透光率實驗中室內外測點照度比。由實測驗證採光效果︰以遮蔽率25%，1*1cm方格在下方1/2貼膜型式優於全區均佈貼膜型式優於上方1/2貼膜型式。以遮蔽率25%，5*5cm方格之貼膜型式之採光效果優於遮蔽率25%，2.5*2.5cm方格之貼膜型式優於遮蔽率25%1*1cm方格貼膜型式。上部貼膜型式之均齊度優於全區均佈貼膜型式更優於下部之貼膜型式。
　　因本次研究僅就玻璃在無遮陽設施情形下之實驗實測。期望在後續之玻璃透光率實驗部份，增加遮陽設施形式實測驗證，以擴大了解玻璃在實際運用上的情形。綠建築解說與評估手冊（2012）之室內環境指標評分判斷標準中，有關玻璃透光性之查核標準僅以玻璃透光率作為評分之依據。是否應加入方位要件較為周延。高樓層建築惟幕玻璃，外凸式遮陽設施對日後長期維護造成不便及負擔，是否以貼膜之形式來減低熱傳導，並提高採光效能。運用貼膜概念於玻璃光電板之設計，可有效掌握採光效能更符經濟效益。

關鍵詞：玻璃、採光、照度比、均齊度

關鍵字

玻璃 ； 均齊度 ； 照度比 ； 採光

並列摘要

Abstract
This study discussed the influence of the glass with different light transmittances and membranes at different incident angles and sun azimuths in different seasons on indoor daylighting. The scale ratio model was used outdoors for field measurement. Empirical study and measurement validation were conducted. Graphic analysis and computer were used to created values to assist the designers with rapid and correct judgment effectively on the fitness of building opening glass. The influence of the glass with different light transmittances and membranes on indoor light environment could be known.
The measurement result of glass transmittance proved that the light transmittance of glass is in straight forward proportional relation to the ratio of illuminance measured indoors and outdoors. However, there were significant differences in the ratio of illuminance of the glass with the same light transmittance measured at different azimuths due to different sunlight projection directions. There was no constant ratio between the value of uniformity and the visible light transmittance of glass. The north facing window glass was free from perpendicular incidence, the uniformity of the measured numerical values was higher. Due to the azimuth and altitude of sun, some measuring points on the south facing glass received perpendicular incidence, so the uniformity was lower. The application of glass transmittance should consider the demand for indoor daylight factor and the orientation factor.
The ratio of illuminance of indoor and outdoor measuring points was tested in the experiment on light transmittance of glass membrane. The measurement validated the daylighting effect. When the shielding rate was 25%, the membrane at 1/2 of lower part of 1 * 1cm grid was better than full area covered with membrane which was better than membrane at 1/2 of upper part. When the shielding rate was 25%, the daylighting effect of 5 * 5cm grid with membrane was better than the 2.5 * 2.5cm grid with membrane at shielding rate of 25% which was better than the 1 * 1cm grid with membrane at shielding rate of 25%. The uniformity of upper part with membrane was better than the full area with membrane, and better than the lower part with membrane.
This study only measured the glass without shading facilities. It is expected to add shading facilities to the experiment on glass transmittance in the future for actual measurement, so as to further learn about the conditions of glass in practical application. In the indoor environment index grading standard of green building definition and evaluation manual (2012), the glass transmittance inspection standard only uses the glass transmittance as the basis of grading. Whether the orientation factor shall be added in. The curtain glass and convex shading facilities of high-rise buildings inconvenience the future long-term maintenance, whether the heat transfer can be reduced and the daylighting efficiency can be increased by using membrane. The design of affixing membrane to glass photovoltaic panel can control the daylighting efficiency effectively, even conforms to economic benefit.
Keywords: glass; daylighting; ratio of illuminance; uniformity

並列關鍵字

ratio of illuminance ； glass ； uniformity ； daylighting

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