臺灣竹構建築比較研究—以漢人與平埔族為例-

A study on Taiwan bamboo buildings-Compare between Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu.-

林怡論(Yi-Lun Lin)

指導教授 ： 張宇彤

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2015.00443

摘要

近年來，臺灣竹構建築日漸減少，隨著材料與工法的日益進步，傳統工法遂面臨了無人承傳的窘境。隨著匠師的凋零、建築實例的消失，竹構建築的傳統工法也漸漸消失。過去，竹構建築因竹材取材容易且造價低廉，故而風行臺灣數十年，伴隨著台灣人走過大半個世紀。直到面臨經濟體系的變遷與科技的快速進步，才漸漸地被其他材料取代，被人們遺忘。傳統工法隨著匠師的凋零而逐漸失傳，就連工具也面臨消失的困境。

透過文獻的搜集，了解到漢人與平埔族這兩大族群從過去到現在一直都生活在相似的生活條件與自然環境中。在竹材的使用上，二個族群皆相當廣泛及普及，舉凡吃飯的器皿、交通工具、生活用品等皆可見其蹤影。但是在竹構建築的工法上卻各自保有其傳統技法，竹材使用的種類也不盡相同，顯示主導其竹構建築的背景因素不盡相同。透過漢人與平埔族兩族群的比較分析，當可了解其背後的影響因素及社會文化意義，在族群特質的研究上，實具有其意義與價值。平埔族因被漢化的程度很深，所以要找到原始的平埔族竹構建築實例並不容易，目前可見案例大抵以平埔族祭祀祖靈的「公廨」為大宗，漢人的竹構建築實例則以民居為主。兩種建築的使用機能雖不相同，但由匠師的訪談中得知，二個族群各自的祭祀場所與民居之傳統工法與材料的使用，都是雷同的。因此，兩族群的竹構建築，不管是哪種類型，在工法與材料上各自的原始靈魂都還存在細節裡。

本研究為具有原生特質的竹材在族群中運用的基礎研究，透過實體史料、口述史料及文獻史料的研究建構臺灣漢人及平埔族竹構建築工法與竹材運用的相關資訊。透過實體史料的調查，旨在搜集臺灣漢人與平埔族現在竹構建築案例並深究之；口述史料旨在透過匠師訪談紀錄其營造工法與材料使用；文獻史料則包含竹構建築時代、區域、形式、構造、特性相關資訊史料的搜集，並從歷史圖像發掘漢人與平埔族竹構建築工法與材料線索，建構臺灣漢人與平埔族竹構建築工法與材料使用的基礎資料。進而在此基礎下進行對臺灣漢人及平埔族竹構建築工法與材料的比較分析探討臺灣漢人和平埔族這兩個生活條件與自然環境相似的族群，其竹構建築工法與材料使用的異同性。

關鍵字

竹構建築；工法；比較研究；漢人；平埔族；公廨

並列摘要

In recent years, Taiwan bamboo buildings are reducing gradually. With the progress of materials and construction method, traditional construction method will have no inheritor. With the fading of craftsman and disappearance of building case, traditional construction method of bamboo building also disappears. In the past, bamboo was popular in Taiwan for decades of years due to easy drawing and low cost. It accompanied Taiwan people for more than half a century. Transition of economic system and rapid progress of science and technology make it replaced by other materials gradually and forgotten by people. Traditional construction method is lost due to the reduction of craftsmen, and even tools are to be lost.

From collection of literatures, we can know that Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu people have been living in similar living conditions all the time. Two ethnic groups all use bamboo materials very widely and popularly, including vessel for meals, traffic tools and daily necessities. They have their own traditional construction methods for bamboo building. The varieties of bamboos they use are also different, showing that background factors of dominating their bamboo buildings are also different. Through comparative analysis of Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu people, we can learn influence factors behind and social and cultural meaning, and there are indeed meaning and value in research of ethnic group characteristic. It is very hard to find building cases of Aborigiual Pingpu because they are deeply Chinesized. At present, visible case is mainly “Konkai” of Aborigiual Pingpu for worshiping ancestors. Chinese bamboo building cases are mainly residence. The using mechanisms of two kinds of buildings are different, but we have known from the chat with craftsmen that worship place, traditional construction method for residence and materials of the two ethnic groups are the same. Therefore, for whatever kinds of the bamboo buildings of the two ethnic groups, their original soul exists in details in construction method and material.

The research is the foundation research on utilization of bamboo materials with native characteristics in Chinese. Related information of bamboo building construction method and bamboo material utilization of Taiwan Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu are established through the research on entity historical data of entity, oral historical data and historical literatures. The investigation of historical data aims to collect and study existing bamboo building cases of Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu. Oral historical data aims to show construction method and material use through interview to craftsmen. Historical data of literatures contain collection of related information such as bamboo building age, region, structure and features; historical images are employed to explore clues of bamboo building construction method and material use of Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu and to establish basic information of their respective bamboo building construction methods and material use, to further conduct comparative analysis of bamboo building construction method and material use of Taiwan Chinese and Aborigiual Pingpu and then discuss their similarities and differences in bamboo building construction method and material use.

並列關鍵字

bamboo building ； construction method ； comparative research, Chinese ； Aborigiual Pingpu ； Konkai

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