國小兒童家庭功能、學校生活適應與憂鬱情緒之關聯性研究—以桃園縣國小為例

The Relationships among Family Function, School Life Adjustment and Depressive Mood—Elementary Schools in Taoyuan County as an Example

黃美雀(Mei-Chueh Huang)

指導教授 ： 張淑慧

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900704

摘要

本研究旨在透過家庭及學校兩個層面來探討家庭功能、學校生活適應與兒童憂鬱情緒間的關聯性，研究對象以桃園縣國小兒童為母群體，採分層隨機抽樣方式，並使用家庭功能量表、學校生活適應量表及台灣版兒童青少年憂鬱量表作為研究工具，透過問卷調查法，獲得有效樣本511份，經由統計分析結果，歸納本研究的結論如下：（一）國小兒童憂鬱情緒危險群人數比例如下：男生11.03%、女生10.53%；四年級8.91%、六年級12.65%；雙親家庭9.19%、單親家庭（與爸爸同住）15%、單親家庭（與媽媽同住）16%、其他（與親人同住）35.29%；高社經地位4.55%、中社經地位9.52%、低社經地位10.94%。（二）不同性別兒童之憂鬱情緒並無顯著差異。（三）不同年級兒童之憂鬱情緒並無顯著差異。（四）不同家庭結構兒童之憂鬱情緒在「負向情緒」、「效率低落」、「失去樂趣」、「負向自尊」、「整體憂鬱情緒」層面達到顯著差異。（五）不同社經地位兒童之憂鬱情緒並無顯著差異。（六）不同家庭功能層面與兒童憂鬱情緒有顯著相關。（七）不同學校生活適應層面與兒童憂鬱情緒有顯著相關。（八）不同家庭功能層面（衝突性、溝通、問題解決、情感涉入）與不同學校生活適應層面（自我適應、師生關係、同儕關係）對兒童憂鬱情緒具有共同顯著預測力。（九）家庭功能、學校生活適應與兒童憂鬱情緒之關係符合研究者所預期之路徑分析模式，家庭功能、學校生活適應會直接影響兒童憂鬱情緒之發生，三者之間具有因果關係。

關鍵字

憂鬱情緒 ； 國小兒童 ； 家庭功能 ； 學校生活適應

並列摘要

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships among family function, school life adjustment and depressive mood. The data for this study was mainly collected through questionnaire surveys, and the survey sample consisted of 511 elementary school students from Taoyuan County. The major instrument contained three subscales: the Family Function Scale-Child Edition（FFS）, the School Life Adjustment Scale of Elementary School Students and the Children Depression Inventory (CDI_TW). The major findings were as follows: (a) The rate of high risk students regarding depressive mood were as follows: boys 11.03%, girls 10.53%；fourth grade 8.91%, sixth grade 12.65%；parents family 9.19%, single father family 15%, single mother family 16%, others （students who live with other relatives）35.29%；high SES 4.55%, middle SES 9.52%, low SES 10.9%. (b) There were no significant differences between gender regarding depressive mood. (c) There were no significant differences between different age groups regarding depressive mood. (d) There were significant differences between different family types in the “negative emotion”, “low efficiency”, “loss of fun“ and “negative self-concept” aspect of depressive mood. (e) There were no significant differences between socio-economic backgrounds regarding depressive mood. (f) There were significant correlations between family function and depressive mood. (g) There were significant correlations between school life adjustment and depressive mood. (h) Family function（conflict, communication, problem-solving, affective involvement）and school life adjustment（self-adaptation, peer relationships, the relationships between teachers and students）can significantly predict depressive mood. (i) The results of hypothesized model “the relationships among family function, school life adjustment and depressive mood ”showed that it fitted the empirically observed data well and can be used to explain the direct relationships among family function, school life adjustment and depressive mood.

並列關鍵字

family function ； school life adjustment ； depressive mood ； elementary school students

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