整合雨水下水道即時水理模擬與Web GIS展示技術於都市內水預警之應用─以台北市第四排水分區為例

Intergrating Real-Time Storm Sewer Simulation and Web GIS into Urban Sewer Warning System - A Case Study of the 4th Drainage Area in Taipei City.

蔡文雄(Wen-Siung Chai)

指導教授 ： 林旭信

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2009.00753

摘要

本研究整合雨水下水道即時水理模擬技術與Web GIS展示技術，以達到暴雨來臨時，都市內水防災早期預警與降低災損之目的。
即時水理模擬技術整合了由美國環境保護署所研發之SWMM-RUNOFF模式(都市降雨逕流水理模式)與SWMM-EXTRAN模式(雨水下水道水理模式)，並加入即時模擬之概念，可經由即時輸入之降雨資料，直接進行雨水下水道水理模擬，以解決傳統水理模擬因需輸入完整降雨事件之降雨資料以作模擬，運算耗時且缺乏即時性之限制。此外，結合Web GIS展示技術，可讓即時水理模擬之結果配合空間資訊以作展示，更有效地達到都市內水防災預警。研究中研發一都市雨水下水道預警系統，以即時水理模擬技術作為模擬核心、再利用Web GIS技術將水理模擬資訊加以即時展示，以分級警戒圖示表示人孔是否發生溢流現象，達到即時預警，以降低都市內水災害之可行性。最後再使用台北市中港、保儀以及實踐抽水站作為系統實際案例研究，以台北市5年24小時颱風降雨設計雨型進行即時水理模擬，並與傳統模擬方式作比較，發現即時模擬測試結果與傳統模擬之結果相符合，確認都市雨水下水道預警系統可達到都市內水預警之功效。

關鍵字

SWMM ； Web GIS ； 雨水下水道 ； 模式整合 ； 即時水理模擬

並列摘要

This research integrates real-time storm sewer simulation and Web GIS technology, in order to achieve early warning about urban inundations and reduce damage by flood disaster during storm period.
The module of real-time storm sewer simulation (RTSS) was implemented by combining SWMM-RUNOFF, a rainfall-runoff model, and SWMM-EXTRAN, a storm sewer model, as well as the concept of real-time simulation; it is able to immediately perform hydrodynamic modeling for sewer flows by giving real-time rainfalls. Moreover, the RTSS also can overcome the problem that is the rainfalls have to be completely inputted prior to simulation in conventional storm sewer modeling, which burdens computing time and lacks availability of real-time simulation. In addition, the real time simulated results of the RTSS with Web GIS technology can let the results by real-time simulation cooperate with spatial information in order to show, upgrading the efficacy of early warning about urban inundations. The research develops a urban sewer warning system (USWS) , cut the real-time storm sewer simulation technology as the computing kernel, and utilize Web GIS technology show the results by real-time simulation immediately; USWS achieve early warning and reduce flood damage by warning icons, which can show whether manhole be overflowing status. In Taipei city, Zhung-Gung, Bao-yi and Shi-Jian drainage system are employed for the practical case study. Considering the design storm with 5-year intensity and 24-hour period for Taipei city, comparing with conventional simulation strategy, the RTSS not only gives identical simulation results, but saves computing time and speed up the efficiency. Consequently, it is possible to further achieve the real-time warning for storm sewers so as to mitigate the disasters.

並列關鍵字

Model Integration. ； SWMM ； Web GIS ； Storm Sewer ； Real-Time Simulation

參考文獻

15. 邱煌升, 2008,“以OpenMI架構整合都市降雨逕流模式與雨水下水道模式,”中原大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文.

22. 顏利玲, 2001,“淹水災情網際網路回報及災情推估系統之建置,”國立台灣大學地理環境資源研究所碩士論文.

16. 美商傑明工程顧問股份有限公司台灣分公司, 2002, “台北市排水系統調查檢討及資料建檔規劃(第四分區)－排水系統檢討分析期中報告書,”台北市政府工務局養護工程處.

3. Huber, W. C., Dickinson, R. E., 1988, Storm Water Management Model. User’s Manual Ver. IV., U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

1. Elliott, A.H. and Trowsdale, S.A., 2007, “A Review of Models for Low Impact Urban Stormwater Drainage,”Environmental Modelling & Software,Vol. 22, pp.394-405.