宗教取財行為於詐欺罪之評價

A Study on the Offenses of Fraudulence about Wealth Taking by Religious Cause

王怡茜(Yi-Chien Wang)

指導教授 ： 張天一

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400398

摘要

宗教取財事件於社會上層出不窮，於實務判決中，可發現進入司法程序之案件不少，其類型可區分為兩種，一為有對價關係之宗教經濟行為，如算命、消災解厄之態樣；二為捐贈行為。而相對人主張受行為人詐欺之金額，小至數萬元，多到百萬元不等。惟，法院對於審理宗教取財事件，卻產生了嚴重分歧，據其判決理由與判決結果，可謂毫無標準依循，而無法使得行為人與相對人獲得實質上之保障，全憑法官之自由心證。鑒於宗教取財事件易於我國發生，為使得雙方當事人信賴法律，而非為使自己勝訴，期待審理該案件之法官的宗教信仰係與自己為同一立場，此種巧取心態，認為實有細究之必要性。
基此，首從我國憲法第十三條之規定，試圖界定何謂宗教？以及與宗教相類似之概念為何？然，我國憲法並未明文予以定義，本文將從不同角度定義宗教，其次，探討宗教自由之內容，藉此歸納出何種宗教行為應受刑法檢驗。再者，將我國實務判決類型化，並歸納其成罪與否之理由，更進一步就詐欺罪之內容與適用上之問題，予以論述分析之，並以美國之宗教取財事件作為借鏡。最後，本文將嘗試建構宗教取財事件之可能類型與行為態樣，冀望未來法院遇到相同案件時，有相同之處理態度。

關鍵字

詐欺罪 ； 宗教自由 ； 宗教詐欺 ； 宗教取財

並列摘要

The offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause often occur in the society. The offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause which the judgment of court of Taiwan, many cases of prosecutions which can be divided into two types. First, is related to economic behavior of religious trade, such as fortune-telling, helping the aspect of misfortunes. Secondly, is about donation. The victim makes the offense of fraudulence claim by respondent; the scope of money varies from ten thousands to millions. However, the court trial the offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause which doesn’t establish legal standards, the court decides base on judge free heart proffer, and it makes parties who in the offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause failure of justice. The offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause often occur in Taiwan. Therefore, in order to protect parties in the offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause, detailed issues are discussed in this article.
In order to resolve this issue, the first, from Article 13 of our Constitution, is to define what does religion mean? And what are similar concepts with religion? However, our Constitution is not been defined explicitly, this article given the definition of the different perspectives of religion. Secondly, to explore the content of religious freedom, thereby what religious practices should be judged by criminal law test is summarized in this article. Moreover, this article was assorted the judgment of the court, and summarize reasons that whether violate the offenses of fraudulence. Furthermore, states and analyses the issues with the applicable content of the offenses of fraudulence, and refer to United State which is involved in the offenses of fraudulence. Finally, this article is attempted to categorize the offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause. In this case, the judge could encounter the same cases that have in common rationale in the future.

並列關鍵字

the offenses of fraudulence about wealth taking by religious cause ； the offenses of fraudulence ； religion freedom ； religion fraud

參考文獻

2. 瓦鄧布葛，根瑟．馬庫斯譯，宗教學入門，東大圖書股份有限公司，2003

24. 黃昭元，信上帝者下監獄？-從司法院釋字第四九○號解釋論宗教自由與

11. 陳新民，宗教立法的基本原則，法令月刊第53卷第2期，頁13-23

7. 林紀東，論信仰宗教自由，法令月刊第18卷7期，頁183-191（196707）。

20. 許育典、周敬凡，宗教自由作為宗教詐欺的犯罪檢驗，東吳法律學報第