考量專利懸崖與碳排放之生技製藥產業多目標最佳化供應網絡設計

A Multi-objective Optimization for Biopharmaceutical Industry Supply Network Design in Considering Patent Cliff and Carbon Emissions

林于暄(Yu-Hsuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 宮大川

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400563

摘要

隨著全球貿易化，生技製藥業的經營策略也隨著局勢而改變。根據IMS Health統計，許多暢銷藥物的專利皆在2012~ 2015年間到期，且新藥上市速度又受限於開發速度，而面臨專利懸崖(Patent Cliff)的情況下，導致營收不振。此外專利藥價格始終高居不下，健保醫藥支出年年升高，為了兼顧醫藥的質與量，各國政府積極推動降低醫療給付，並鼓勵使用學名藥政策，使得生技製藥產業享有豐厚利潤的黃金年代不復存在。一旦利潤下降，供應鏈管理的問題則一一將顯露出來，故各藥廠更積極地找尋因應策略，除了提升自有的研發能力外，並開發學名藥市場，以多元化發展強化競爭優勢。經英國國民保健服務委員會(National Health Service, NHS)統計所屬的醫療機構裡，占最大的碳排放量為藥品採購，而在國家政策減排的總量管制下，使得上游的製藥產業每個階段的成員，未來將勢必面臨減碳之要求。故本研究設計一綠色生技製藥產業供應網絡模型，提出兼顧成本及碳排放最小之多目標最佳化模式，整合學名藥供應網絡，針對供應商之選擇、開設新製劑廠、規劃設置生產、運輸成本與碳排、產能、庫存等做考量，透過環境保護之設備投資，降低藥廠在生產的碳排放量。研究以正規化限制法求解多目標問題，最後透過數值範例分析與參數分析結果，提出管理面向意涵。期望本研究所提出之模型可供生技製藥產業進行綠色供應網絡設計時，取得應對先機，使生技製藥產業達到經濟永續發展及環境永續發展之間的平衡。

關鍵字

專利懸崖 ； 生技製藥產業 ； 多目標最佳化 ； 供應鏈網絡

並列摘要

The management strategies of biopharmaceutical industries are changing by the impact of globalization. According to statistic of IMS Health, many patents of popular drugs will have been expiring in 2015. New drugs releases are limited by development speed which causes patent cliff, so that the revenue of pharmaceutical companies decreases rapidly. Furthermore, the prices of brand drugs stay high so NHI expenses increase continuously. The government then encourages the use of generic drugs to reduce healthcare fees. Thus biopharmaceutical industries cannot make huge profits like before. Once the profits decline, the problems of supply chain management will become apparent. The pharmaceutical companies are seeking solutions to strengthen their competitive advantage by enhancing research and development ability of generic drugs. According to the UK National Health Service’s report, the procurement of drug shares the largest part of carbon emissions. The national policy is to reduce carbon emission so that every member in the pharmaceutical industry is requested to follow this policy in the future. Therefore, this study designs a green supply chain network model in biopharmaceutical industry to minimize total cost and carbon emissions. All considerations in the integration of generic drugs supply network include suppliers selection, new facilities built, production planning, transportation costs and carbon emissions, capacity and inventory. Through making various environmental investments, carbon emissions in the process of drug producing are thus reduced. This study uses normalized normal constraint method to solve a multi-objective problem. Managerial insights are further discussed based on the obtained results from numerical example and parameter analyses. The proposed model is expected able to help biopharmaceutical industry to gain a decisive opportunity while designing a green supply network and to achieve a balance between the economic sustainability and environmental sustainability.

並列關鍵字

Biopharmaceutical Industry ； Patent Cliff ； Supply Chain Network ； Multi-objective Optimization

參考文獻

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