自古以來,韓語就受到漢語文化的影響,且影響甚深,而形成至今韓語裡有大量受到漢字影響的漢字詞。這些受到漢字影響的詞彙中有一部分是量詞,而稱之為韓漢字量詞,漢語量詞與韓漢字量詞雖然有著同源的關係,且在讀音上也近似,然而一些韓漢字量詞卻因經歷了時代以及環境上的演變產生了不同的用法與意義。經由以上的原因,母語的影響可能造成韓籍學習者在學習漢語量詞上遇到一些困難。 為了瞭解韓漢字量詞對於韓籍學習者在學習上的影響,本文以《漢語水平詞彙與等級大綱》內的量詞為選取範圍,選出46個量詞進行對比分析,得出漢語與韓漢字詞的分類可分為「漢韓意義相同」、「漢韓意義漢廣韓狹」、「漢韓意義漢狹韓廣」、「漢韓部分同義」以及「漢韓意義不同」五類,再以分類為依據發展本文的調查問卷,本文問卷發放的對象為韓國中文系二年級學生。 分析結果顯示,各類別的答對率由高至低的排序為:較簡單的是漢韓同義;次簡單的是漢韓意義部分相同;而後是漢韓意義不同;次難的是漢狹韓廣;而最難的是漢廣韓狹此類別。根據每類的分析結果顯示,漢韓意義相同的量詞因為在漢語以及韓漢字量詞的義項上為對等的關係,所以可以為學習者帶來正遷移的效果;而對於學習者而言最難的是漢廣韓狹此類,原因在於漢廣韓狹此類的義項對比上,意義不對等,又漢語較韓語多,所以容易造成學習者的混淆。
Since Korea has been influenced by Chinese culture for hundreds of years, there are a great number of Korean words borrowed from ancient Chinese language. Some of these characters are measure words. We called them Sino-Korean measure words. Through the change of time and environment, some Chinese measured words and Sino-Korean measure words still have common characteristics but differ in terms of usage, while other words used in either language have developed totally different meanings. For these reasons, Korean students may make errors influenced by their native language while studying Chinese measure words. In order to understand the influences caused by Sino-Korean measure words in Korean tudents, there were 46 chinese measure words selected from the outline of HSK Vocabulary according to their equivelent Sino-Korean measure words. These words then were divided into five categories entitled exact matches, homomorphic with broader meaning in Chinese, homomorphic with broader meaning in Korean, partially match, and mismatch. Based on these five categories, a test was developed and applied to 41 sophomre Korean students in Chinese department in Korea. The result shows that the correctness of the participants’ answers rated from high to low are exact matches , partial match, mismatch, homomorphic with broader meaning in Korean, and homomorphic with broader meaning in Chinese respectively. The categories of exact match could bring positive transfer. The homomorphic with broader meaning in Chinese is the most difficult one for the Chinese measure words in this category do not have correspondence Sino-Korean meanings and thus is confusing to Korean students.
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