打工度假行為模式研究

Study on Behavior Mode of Working Holiday

林曉君(Hsiao-Chun Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃榮鵬

國立高雄餐旅大學/觀光學院/旅遊管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6825/NKUHT.2013.00063

摘要

過去幾十年裡，打工度假者受到越來越多的關注；打工度假定義係指利用打工為使度假展期而附帶賺取旅遊生活費的一種旅行方式。打工度假者利用出國旅遊結交新朋友並透過語言的學習拓展國際視野，深入了解地主國的文化、社會和生活方式，向世界展示其創造力與活力，而這種交流方式更是全球的發展趨勢。
不同於過去研究多僅侷限兩個特定國家的打工度假計畫進行探討；本研究旨在於提出一個完整的打工度假行為模式｢動機－目的地選擇－行為意圖｣，並以認知風險作為動機與目的地選擇間之調節變數，針對七個與我國簽屬協定的國家（紐西蘭、澳洲、日本、加拿大、德國、韓國及英國）的163位已完成打工度假的台灣打工度假者為研究對象，透過知名線上問卷網站MySurvey發放網路問卷。研究方法採用描述性統計、探索性因素分析、結構方程模式、皮爾森相關係數與線性回歸分析。
本研究旨在探討打工度假參與動機的影響因素以及分析影響打工度假者目的地選擇之特性因素。除外，研究結果亦顯示，整體的結構模式適合度良好，在變數的關係上「動機」會顯著正向影響打工度假者之「目的地選擇」；「目的地選擇」亦會顯著正向影響打工度假者之「行為意圖」；且「認知風險」對於「動機-目的地選擇」之間具有調節效果。本研究結果係針對學術界、公部門以及打工度假者三部分提出本研究之貢獻與建議如下：
一、學術界-提供不同於以往的研究結果，並以不同角度切入打工度假者的思考和意見，以利後續相關研究之參考。
二、公部門-透過本文之研究模型，讓公部門能夠瞭解近期打工度假之發展，作為其能夠與政策制定相結合的根據以及了解應用上的限制。
三、打工度假者-研擬發展計畫，以降低其於決策過程中之認知風險，並預作準備，以備不時之需。

關鍵字

打工度假 ； 動機 ； 目的地選擇 ； 行為意圖 ； 認知風險

並列摘要

While the participants have received increasing attention over the past several decades, the notion of working holidaymaker, who travel during their temporary works; in order to obtain goals, including making new friends, broadening international horizons through learning a new language and gaining an in-depth understanding of the culture, society and lifestyle of the host country, and demonstrating their creativity and vitality to the world. This kind of exchange is a developing trend in the global village.
Differing from the previous studies, which had not been considered in such detail or only focused on a bilateral working holiday program between two countries; this study proposed a more integrated working holiday behavior mode by including the seven countries (New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Canada, Germany, Republic of Korea and the UK) that had signed with Taiwan into the “motivation－destination choice－behavioral intentions” paradigm, while perceived risk was regarded as a moderating role between motivation and destination choice. This research used Descriptive Statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression Analysis. A quantitative e-questionnaire was designed and a web-based survey was conducted according the website- MySurvey. Taiwanese youngsters who had already finished up their working holidays were target populations, recalled 163 valid questionnaires.
The purposes of this study were to identify the factors that determine the motivation of working holidays and to determine the influential variables that affect the destination choice of working holidaymakers. The causal relationships among variables were examined having statistical goodness of fit by SEM. Motivation has positive effects to working holidaymaker destination choice and destination choice has positive effects to behavioral intentions. The moderating effect of perceived risk has a strong influence on the relationship between motivation and destination choice. This research offered a conceptual overview on the behavior mode of experienced working holidaymakers to make tripartite contributions in academic community, public sectors and working holidaymakers:
1.To academic community- To indicate the different results compared to previous studies, as well as the new findings were not discovered before. This will be a useful contribution to future literature and provide independent information for future decision making about the working holiday schemes.
2.To public sectors- The framework of the study proved helpful in evaluating policy formation and understanding the limits on the applicability.
3.To working holidaymakers- The results contributed to establish the effective working holiday development plans for working holidaymakers, to reduce the risks perceived and, to establish the effective preparation against a rainy day.

並列關鍵字

Working Holiday ； Motivation ； Destinations Choice ； Behavioral Intentions ； Perceived Risk

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