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  • 學位論文

國民小學校長領導風格、工作壓力與工作價值觀之研究

A study on the Relationship among Leadership Style, Work Stress and Work Value Belief of Primary School Principals

指導教授 : 翁福元

摘要


本研究旨在探討國民小學校長領導風格、工作壓力與工作價值觀間之關係。針對臺灣地區之公立國民小學校長進行問卷調查,藉以暸解國民小學校長領導風格、工作壓力與工作價值觀之現況,並分析不同背景變項之國民小學校長對校長領導風格、工作壓力與工作價值觀之差異情形,同時進一步探討與分析其相關情形。 經整理與分析相關文獻,建構本研究之理論基礎與研究架構,編製「國民小學校長領導風格、工作壓力與工作價值觀」之調查問卷,作為本研究蒐集資料的工具。本研究係以臺灣地區公立國民小學校長2,572人為研究的對象,依各縣市學校總數占全國學校總數之比例,於2012年4月採用「簡單隨機抽樣」的方式,抽取施測學校1,200所之國民小學校長進行郵寄問卷調查施測,回收問卷計有942 份,回收率為79.5%,有效問卷樣本數為923份,佔回收率之98.0%。調查所得資料以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數、皮爾遜積差相關、典型相關、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法,進行分析與討論歸納整理出以下結論: 1、國民小學校長知覺校長領導風格之權威指導型態屬於「中」的程度,民主參 與型態屬於「高」的程度,放任無為型態屬於「中低」的程度。 2、國民小學校長知覺校長工作壓力屬於「中」的程度,以上級壓力的得分最高, 以行政領導壓力的得分最低。 3、國民小學校長知覺校長工作價值觀屬於「高」的程度,以自我實現取向的得 分最高,以安定與免於焦慮取向的得分最低。 4、國民小學校長領導風格各型態在不同性別、畢業學校、學校所在地、學校所 屬區域等變項方面,知覺程度上有部份或全部的顯著差異。 5、國民小學校長工作壓力之各層面與整體工作壓力在不同年齡、畢業學校、任 職校長總年資、學校規模、學校所在地、學校所屬區域、校長受訓機構等變 項方面,有顯著差異。 6、國民小學校長工作價值觀之向度與整體工作價值觀在不同性別、婚姻狀況、最高 學歷、學校規模、學校所在地、學校所屬區域等變項方面,有顯著差異。 7、國民小學校長領導風格之權威指導型態、放任無為型態與國民小學校長工作 壓力的各層面、整體工作壓力有顯著正相關;民主參與型態與工作壓之工作 負荷壓力、行政領導壓力、公共關係壓力、角色期許壓力與整體工作壓力有 顯著負相關。 8、國民小學校長領導風格之權威指導型態與國民小學校長工作價值觀的尊嚴取 向、安全感與經濟報酬取向、安定與免於焦慮取向、整體工作價值觀有顯著 正相關;民主參與型態與工作價值觀的各向度、整體工作價值觀有顯著正相 關;放任無為型態與工作價值觀的自我成長取向、自我實現取向、尊嚴取向、 社會互動取向與整體工作價值觀有顯著負相關。 9、國民小學校長工作壓力的行政領導壓力與整體工作價值觀有顯著負相關;國 民小學校長工作價值觀的自我實現取向、社會互動取向、安定與免於焦慮取 向與整體工作壓力有顯著負相關。 10、國民小學校長領導風格之放任無為型態、權威指導型態與工作價值觀之自我 成長取向、自我實現取向、安定與免於焦慮取向對於校長工作壓力具有最佳 預測力。 依據上述研究結果提出具體建議,提供教育行政機關、國民小學校長及後續研究者作為參考。

並列摘要


The main purpose of this research is focused on the relationship amongst the leadership style, work stress and work valued believes of primary school principals. The researcher conducts questionnaire survey on public primary school principals in Taiwan in order to understand the principal’s leadership style, the status quo of work stress and work values, and to analyze the difference between various backgrounds of principal’s leadership style, work stress and work value belief. In order to develop the rational and the framework of this study, the author practices a deep literature review. This literature work is used to develop the questionnaire as well. The parameter group of this research is the 2,572 primary school principals of Taiwan. The main method used to select the samples is simple random approach. After the sampling, there are 1,200 psp selected as the samples of their research. In factor, there are 1,200 copies of questionnaire survey process, there are 942 copies mailed back. After the review of these questionnaires, the ratio of mail-back is 79.5%, and the useful ratio is 98% from the mail-back, that is to say that the copy of useful questionnaire is 923. The main statics methods need to analyze the collected data are description statistics method, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Persons correlation, Canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. After the statistical analysis, the main findings are shown as follow: 1.The perceived leadership style of primary school principals are: the authoritarian-directive style is belonged to mid-high degree, that of democratic-participative leadership style is belonged to high degree, and the free-reign style is belonged to lower degree. 2.The perceived work stress of primary school principals are belonged to mid-high degree, which scored the highest of the superior pressure and the lowest of the administrative leadership pressure. 3.The perceived work value of primary school principals are belonged to high degree, which scored the highest of the self-fulfillment orientation and the lowest of safety and free from anxiety orientation. 4.The perceive leadership style of different variants of primary school principals is partially or totally significant difference. 5.The perceive work stress of different variants of primary school principals is partially or totally significant difference. 6.The perceive work value of different variants of primary school principals is partially or totally significant difference. 7.There is positive significant correlation of each dimension of and whole work-stress between the two leadership styles of primary school principals: authoritarian-directive oriented and free-reign oriented; negative significant difference of democratic-participative oriented. 8.There is positive significant correlation of each dimension of and whole work- value between the two leadership styles of primary school principals: authoritarian-directive oriented and democratic-participative; negative significant difference of free-reign oriented. 9.There is negative significant correlation between administrative leadership pressure and whole work value; self-fulfillment, social-interaction and safety and free from anxiety of work value have negative significant correlation with whole work pressure. 10.The free-reign and authoritarian-directive leadership styles, and the self-development, self-fulfillment, and safety and free from anxiety dimensions of work-value belief of primary school principals have go the highest predict capacity on their work-stress. The helpful suggestions based on the findings mentioned above have made for educational administrators, primary principals and the future researchers.

參考文獻


吳明清(2006)。學校領導策略:以校長為領導者的整合架構。現代教育論壇,14,9-14。
一、中文部分
王心怡(2002)。國中校長情緒智力、轉型領導風格與辦學績效之相關研究(未出
版之碩士論文)。彰化師範大學教育研究所,彰化。
王玉麟(2006)。高職科主任工作壓力之探討。學校行政,45,140-153。

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王恩普、李承翰、賴世國(2013)。工作價值觀與工作壓力之研究-以高雄地區的國際觀光旅館為例運動休閒管理學報10(4),32-44。https://doi.org/10.6214%2fJSRM.1004.003
林欣儒(2015)。工作價值觀、離職意願及工作效率之關聯性探討-以臺中市政府地方稅務局為例〔碩士論文,國立臺中科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0061-1907201515535600
范揚焄(2017)。校長領導風格的反思:一位國小校長自傳俗民誌〔博士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0401201815594507

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