產業聚落對台灣手工具產業之創新績效影響

隨著大陸開放改革與其成本競爭優勢，台灣手工具產業從全球第一大手工具出口國到現在為第三大出口國。而面對大陸成本的優勢、品質參差不一等，中華民國對外貿易發展協會與手工具工業公會積極推廣廠商參與展覽，並給予補助，除了推廣台灣優良產品外，更可藉由參展吸收他國產品新知，利於我國產品改善與創新；在國內，也推動許多產業活動，例如品牌推廣、製程改善、技術延伸觀摩等。近年來，政府更積極推動聚落廠商間的合作，藉由彼此知識交流、技術學習、通路分享等，利於產品創新，增加績效。如經濟部國際貿易局於2007年利用產業聚落的優勢，以合作代替競爭，專案輔導並建立自有品牌數泓科技，整合十餘家手工具廠的資源，成為國內第一家擁有數位手工具研發與製造核心能力，並擁有「eclatorQ」共同品牌的數位手工具公司，以加速拓展全球市場。除此之外，還有「T-team」與「亞克聯合品牌行銷」等，都是利用聚落內的資源，分享知識技術，以達到製程創新或產品創新等，利於後續產品推廣。本研究以台灣手工具產業廠商為母體，以發放問卷方式來收集相關資料。共發放170份問卷，總計有效問卷為103份，彙整之後，以SPSS統計軟體進行迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，聚落內的廠商，其供應鏈完整，加上廠商本身的資源與能力，透過與顧客、供應商及政府/大學研究機構合作，使廠商達到創新績效。而聚落內競爭者，因手工具產業廠商較傳統，對於競爭著採取自我保護措施，不願分享資源，故對其創新績效沒有助益。

關鍵字

聚落；手工具產業；創新合作

並列摘要

Taiwan, no longer the world's largest exporter of hand tools, is the third largest exporter; however, Mainland China, after the reform and opening-up, owns the cost advantage and has become the largest exporter of hand tools in the world. While facing the cost advantage, quality inconsistencies, etc. from Mainland China, Taiwan External Trade Development Council and Taiwan Hand Tool Manufacturers' Association encourage Taiwan hand tool manufacturers to attend the exhibitions and provide subsidy for the purpose of promoting Taiwan products and more importantly, learning and absorbing other countries product knowledge to improve and innovate products. Besides, they contribute many industry activities, such as branding, manufacturing process improvement, skills and technology demonstration and so on. In recent years, Taiwan government more actively promotes the cooperation between manufacturers to innovate products and increase the manufacturer’s benefits and profits by mutual sharing of the knowledge, technological skills, sales channel, etc. For example, in 2007, Bureau of Foreign Trade made use of the advantages of industrial clusters and had the manufacturers cooperate one another instead of compete. This way, by integrating the resources of more than a dozen hand tool manufacturers, Eclatorq Technology Co., Ltd. was established. This company with his own brand "eclatorQ" becomes Taiwan’s first digital hand tool manufacturer with R & D and manufacturing core competencies and accelerates them into the global market. In addition, there are "T-team" and "Ark Co-Branded Marketing", etc. using the resources within the hand tool industrial clusters and sharing knowledge and technology skills to achieve process or product innovation, which help follow-on product promotions. Our research takes Taiwan hand tool manufacturers for population. 170 questionnaires were distributed to collect relevant information and data, and there are 103 valid questionnaires. After the data were compiled, they were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Our research result showed that the manufacturers within the industrial clusters, possessing complete supply chain, plus their own resources and capabilities, could achieve fine innovation performance through working and cooperating with customers, suppliers and government / university research institutions. However, as hand tool manufacturers are more traditional and afraid that the competitors within the industrial clusters will steal their product knowledge and property, they are not willing to share the resources with the competitors. Therefore, the manufacturers could not achieve innovation performance through cooperating with their competitors.