重省留學生陳衡哲之文學定位

陳衡哲（1893－1976），筆名莎菲，一生中擁有數個「第一頭銜」，中國第一批官費留美女學生成員、中國現代第一篇白話小說作者、北京大學第一位女教授。陳衡哲雙親自幼格外重視陳衡哲教育，視之為將才精心栽培，使陳衡哲明白女子教育的重要，日後推動中國女子高等教育的改革。陳衡哲是中國第一批官費女留學生，故從其求學歷程可看出晚清女子高等教育變遷。陳衡哲留美時期活躍於《留美學生季報》，此報是五四白話文運動最初發聲的報刊，因資料來源不易，故罕見於學術討論，本文將陳衡哲發表在《季報》作品，逐一說明並有系統的主題說明討論。學術界對於中國「第一篇白話小說」的爭議，主要有三種討論聲音，劉韻琴（1884-1945）〈大公子〉、陳衡哲〈一日〉和魯迅(1981-1936)〈狂人日記〉，後兩者屢被相提並論；陳衡哲小說〈洛綺思的問題〉，被認為是新女性小說的開端，呈現高等教育女性在事業與家庭抉擇的兩難。陳衡哲寫作此文時與胡適討論密切，有好事者因陳衡哲與胡適關係良好，妄作文章斷言兩人有曖昧關係，這段不實八卦日後甚至遮蔽陳衡哲的文學創作光芒。留美返國後的陳衡哲，在報刊發表大量著作，藉由期刊傳播發揮自己個人影響力，其文學創作體裁多元，尤其是「新詩」，因此本論文針對陳衡哲新詩體裁深入討論。陳衡哲擔任《努力週報》、《獨立評論》編輯群之一，此兩報主要編輯為胡適，帶領當代留學知識青年，針貶時是，對於國家提出建言，透過報刊文獻資料，足以補足陳衡哲發行文本數量較少的缺陷。

關鍵字

陳衡哲；《留美學生季報》；胡適；白話文學；〈一日〉

並列摘要

Hung Che Chen (1893－1976), with a pen name Sophia, obtained many “first” titles in her life—first batch government-supported female students from China to study in America, the first author to write Chinese vernacular fiction in the history of modern Chinese literature, and the first woman professor in Peking University. Hung Che Chen’s parents devote much attention to her education and nurtured this daughter to become a literate person. Hung Che Chen was being raised in such a literary family and understands well the importance of woman education. The family background has a great influence on her in her future hard work and contribution to promote woman higher education in China. As the first batch government-supported female students who studied in America, her experience of studied abroad reflected the circumstances of woman higher education in late Qing dynasty. Hung Che Chen was an active member of “The Chinese Students’ Quarterly” , an important magazine of America-Chinese students’, when she study in the US. “The Chinese Students’ Quarterly” is the first magazine that published the ideologies of May 4th Movement, but as it is hard to obtain, this magazine is rarely discussed today. This master's thesis tries to discuss and analyses all articles of Hung Che Chen that published in “The Chinese Students’ Quarterly” thematically. The three contentious novels as the first Chinese vernacular fiction in modern Chinese literature are “The Childe” by Yun Qin Liu (1884-1945), “One Day” by Hung Che Chen and “A Madman's Diary” by Lu Xun (1881-1936). In this discussion, Hung Che Chen’s work is comparable with Lu Xun’s “A Madman's Diary”. Hung Che Chen’s novel “Luo Qi Si’s problems” was known as the first feminism fiction in modern Chinese literature, reflected the controversial between carrier and family encountered by the high-educated women in modern time. When Hung Che Chen wrote this novel, she often made discussion with Hu Shih. The close relationship between two of them subjected to rumor that they have dubious relationship. This gossip even obstructed Hung Che Chen’s achievement in literature. When returned to China, Hung Che Chen wrote many articles for the periodical, especial in modern poetry, therefore this thesis will focus on the discussion of her poetries. Hung Che Chen had became the editor of “Nuli Weekly” and “Independent Review”. This two papers was organized by chief editor Hu Shih which leading the educated youth to criticize on social issues and the government policies. By collecting data and materials from the newspapers, it could make up the deficiency of books published for Hung Che Chen.