In order to study the chronic courses of demography in Taiwan townships and districts, this paper collect the data of community population in Taiwan townships and districts from 1955 to 2006. The growth of population index and density of population are also used for describing the distribution and migration of population. After completing the study, the findings are shown as below: The population growth rates of the nearest metropolis and metropolitan area are usually higher than other area. And it happens in north region in Taiwan more often than south region in Taiwan. The result shows that urbanization and industrialization both affect distribution and migration of population.