台灣高等教育品質保證政策之研究

本研究旨在分析台灣高等教育品質保證政策之發展及現況，以及對台灣高等教育品質保證政策做一深入之探討，本研究之目的為：(1)探究高等教育品質保證運動的背景；(2)探究高等教育品質保證的學理基礎；(3)探究世界主要國家的高等教育品質保證政策與機制；(4)探討台灣高等教育品質保證政策的背景因素與歷史發展；(5)探討台灣高等教育品質保證政策的實施情況；(6)探討台灣高等教育品質保證政策的相關議題；(7)根據研究結果對台灣高等教育品質保證政策提出建議。本研究以文獻分析為主要方法，文獻分析主要是探討高等教育品質保證運動背景及學理基礎，其次是探討世界主要國家高等教育品質保證政策，最後是針對台灣高等教育品質保證政策的發展情形、實施現況與相關議題做一探討。綜合文獻分析的結果，本研究的結論如下：一、高等教育品質保證運動的背景因素有三個，分別是高等教育量的擴充與經費的縮減、政府和學術寡頭與市場的拉鋸、全球化思潮的興起與推動。二、高等教育品質保證的學理基礎主要有三個部分，分別為人力資本論、全面品質管理、新公共管理。三、世界主要國家均致力於高等教育品質保證機制的發展，強調自我評鑑的實施與績效責任的要求。四、台灣高等教育品質保證政策之發展分為高等教育萌芽期、高等教育發展成長期、高等教育多元樣貌期三個階段。五、現階段台灣高等教育品質保證政策，主要有大學評鑑政策、大學資源整合政策、高等教育卓越發展政策。依據上述之結論，本研究針對我國教育行政機關、各大學、財團法人高等教育評鑑中心基金會、以及後續研究者提出之建議如下：一、對我國教育行政機關之建議（一）積極推動各大學建立自我評鑑機制。（二）高等教育的品質保證應並重研究與教學。（三）研擬合理的大學退場機制。（四）成立跨國性質的高等教育品質保證機構。二、對大學之建議（一）積極建立自我評鑑機制。（二）大學自主的精神與績效責任的要求並重。（三）大學間要進行資源整合以提升教育品質。三、對財團法人高等教育評鑑中心基金會之建議（一）協助大學建立自我評鑑的觀念與機制。（二）推廣大學評鑑觀念予以社會大眾。（三）建立良好的評鑑倫理觀念。（四）評鑑時要能深入瞭解受評系所的背景。（五）規劃適當的評鑑配套措施。四、對後續研究者之建議（一）研究方法方面，可針對高等教育品質保證政策的各個面向與議題，進行問卷調查與深度訪談，可對台灣高等教育品質保證政策有更清楚之剖析。（二）研究範圍方面，後續研究者可持續就政府推動的各項高等教育品質保證政策進行追蹤，對相關議題進行加深加廣之探討，讓台灣高等教育品質保證機制更加完善。

關鍵字

品質保證；高等教育；品質保證政策

並列摘要

This study is analyzing development and the current situations of the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education, as well as to do the in-depth discussion of the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education. The main purposes of this study are shown as follows: 1.To research into the background of the movement of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education.;2.To discuss the theoretical base of the quality assurance for higher education.;3.To research into the policy / mechanism of the quality assurance for higher education in main countries around the world.;4.To understand the development of the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education.;5.To research into the present executive situation of the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education. 6. To research into the issues related to the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education;7. To make suggestions for the improvement on the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education according to the result of the study. The study, firstly, utilizes the literature analysis as the main method. The literature analysis is mainly discussing the background and the theoretical base of the movement of the quality assurance for higher education. Secondly, it discusses the policies of the quality assurance for higher education in main countries around the world. At last, it makes a comprehensive discussion about the development, present situations and the related issues of the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education. As a result of the literature analysis, the study comes to the conclusion as following: 1.There are three background reasons for the movement of the quality assurance for higher education. The first one is the expansionary amount of higher education and the curtailment of the budget. The second one is that the government, academic oligarch and the market are in a seesaw struggle. The last one is the rise of globalization. 2. The theoretical base in the quality assurance for higher education has three parts. They are Human Capital Theory, Total Quality Management, and New Public Management. 3. The responsibility of achievements and self-evaluation are both emphasized in the policies of the quality assurance in the main countries around the world. 4. The development of the policy of the quality assurance for Taiwan higher education is divided into three periods which are the period of budding in higher education, the period of growth and development in higher education, and the period of diversity in higher education. 5.The current policies of the higher education quality assurance in Taiwan are the policy of university evaluation, the policy of university resources integration ,and the policy of excellence and advance in the higher education. According to the conclusions mentioned above, the following suggestions are provided to the authorities of educational administration in Taiwan, universities, Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan, and the following researchers. 1. Suggestions to the authorities of educational administration in Taiwan: (1) To promote each university to establish the mechanism of self-evaluation. (2) To equally put emphasis on study and teaching of the quality assurance by Higher Education Evaluation & Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT) (3) To design a proper mechanism of university exit. (4) To establish a multinational organization of the quality assurance for higher education. 2.Suggestions to the university: (1) To establish the mechanism of self-evaluation aggressively (2) To emphasize on both the spirit of autonomy and responsibility of achievements in the university. (3) The resource managements between universities should be done to promote the quality of education. 3.Suggestions to the Higher Education Evaluation & Accreditation Council of Taiwan (1) To help universities to build concepts and mechanism of self-evaluation (2) To spread the notions of the university evaluation to the public. (3) To establish the excellent ethical notions of evaluation. (4) To deeply comprehend the evaluated department during evaluation (5) To design a proper and necessary measure of evaluation 4. Suggestions to following researchers: (1) As for the aspects of the research method, the following reserchers are advised to use the in-depth interviews and questionnairs to aim at various aspects and issues of the Quality Assurance for Taiwan Higher Education, and then attain a more clear analysis of the Quality Assurance for Taiwan Higher Education. (2) As for the aspects of the research scope, the following researchers are advised to continue to make tracing of the Quality Assurance for Taiwan Higher Education and to discuss the correlation subject. It will make the mechanism of the Quality Assurance for Taiwan Higher Education reach the consummation.