日治時期臺灣自動車營業組合之發展及其運作(1912-1945)

本文以日治時期民間自動車業組成的營業組合為對象，探討同業團體活動下的自動車業態發展情形。臺灣的自動車業從1912年由日本引進後，組織自治性同業團體成為地方上業界與交通管理者解決因行業發展而衍生種種問題的方式之一，無論是抑制同業之間的惡性競爭、改善外部營業條件或是協助維繫交通秩序，1924年以後同樣由日本所導入的營業組合制度最初都能符合這些期待，此種團體也因之幾乎遍佈於各州廳。隨著時勢的發展，營業組合本身為對應更為嚴峻的問題開始轉變成其他團體，團體之間也開始嘗試聯合行動，以因應全島業界共同面臨的問題。雖然，這些團體在運作、主要功能與事務決策者不斷產生變化，但是原來最初營業組合所具有的基本特質也都仍存在著，各地的自動車業者即透過這些團體廣泛參與自身行業有關的各項活動。根據本研究的結果，日治時期臺灣的自動車業內部存在著凝聚共識與自我協調的機制，而該機制的生成與發展確實有脈絡可循。此外，由於自動車業本身特有的公共性，該行業及其同業團體在各項事務與活動等方面，始終都與官方管理者保持密切關係。

關鍵字

自動車；營業組合；交通秩序；同業競爭；運轉手

並列摘要

This study target of this research is the association of automobile enterprises in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period, exploring development of automobile transportation under the peer group activity. Taiwan of automobile transportation from 1912 introduced after Japan, organizing self-governing peer groups became in the place the field and the transportation superintendent solves because of the profession development grows one of all sorts of question ways, regardless of were suppresses blind competition between same business's, to improve the exterior business condition perhaps the assistance maintenance traffic order, after 1924, the system which inducted by Japan can conform to these anticipations at first, because this kind of association also nearly proliferated in various Prefecture and Province. With the development of the times, the association corresponding to more severe problem in itself began to become other association, between the association and the association have begun trying to meet the common problems faced by the entire island field. Although these associations in the operation, the major function and business-maker have the change unceasingly, but the basic special characteristic which the association had also still to exist at first originally in these associations, the automobile entrepreneurs around the places penetrated these associations widely to participate in the own profession related each activity. Based on the results of the study, automobile transportation in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period interior to have the condensation mutual recognition with the self-coordinated mechanism, and mechanism's production and the development have the vein truly to follow. In addition, as a result of automobile transportation itself unique public, the profession and the association maintains the close relation with the official superintendent in each aspects and so on business and activity.