天庾重地-明清時期漕運制度下的通州

明清時期的南北大運河，是連結政治中心北京與經濟中心江南地區的重要人工渠道，也帶動沿岸興起了一批包括通州在內的新城鎮。通州位於大運河的最北端，距離首都北京僅有25公里，擁有優越的地理條件，朝廷在此設有大型漕倉，是非常典型的運河城市，其興衰與漕運有密不可分的關係。本文主要討論明清漕運制度下，通州在政治、軍事、經濟等各個層面的變化。透過研究可以發現，通州受到漕運制度的影響非常巨大，再加上臨近首都，因此其城市命運為國家力量所強力掌控。但是，另從軍事戰略地位、經濟發展等角度分析之後，則可看到通州此一城市在其他不同面向所呈現出的歷史樣貌。

關鍵字

明清時期；通州；南北大運河；漕運制度

並列摘要

The North South Grand canal in the Qing and Ming eras was an artificial waterway served as a political and economical hub for Beijing and Jiang Nan region, which also generated the foundation of several new towns and cities along the banks including Tong zhou. Tongzhou is situated at the most northern part of the Grand canal, twenty five kilometres from the Capital Beijing, possessing great geographical advantage. The palace had constructed a great granary as it is a classic example of a canal city, the prosperity of the city depends on the traffic of the grains. The focus of this thesis is on the discussion of how the politics, military, economy and other elements are influenced on the implementation of the Grain Tribute System. This research shows Tongzhou was greatly affected by the Grain Tribute System and whilst being so close to the capital, the fate of this city was tightly gripped by the power of the state. However, after an analysis of its military stratigic position, economic development and various other aspects, we can see Tongzhou in a different historical representation.