從霍爾的符碼理論探討「行政院2013年基本工資決議案」

基本工資議題具有政治、經濟與安定社會等性質。「基本工資審議辦法」規定，行政院勞工委員會每年邀集勞工、資方、官方及學界代表召開審議委員會共同審議基本工資。惟102年基本工資調整案，在基本工資審議委員會已作成決議的情況下，行政院卻首次以經濟發展的理由否決了基本工資月薪調漲的決議，一時各方意見紛陳，基本工資調整成為熱門的議題。本文以霍爾的符碼理論作為研究途徑。該理論要義在於指出，製碼者的製碼立場與製碼構想是一回事，但解碼者的解碼立場與解碼構想又是另一回事，兩者不一定相等。本文首先引用符碼理論的製碼理論，將「行政院2013年基本工資決議案」視為一個被人符碼化的符號，其次引用符碼理論的解碼理論，從主流稱霸、協商、反對等三種解碼立場對該決議案進行意義賦予。本文對於主流稱霸的解碼立場的意義賦予如下：應以全球經濟動向為思考格局、應以大我為重、應回歸統計數字來談。本文對於協商的解碼立場的意義賦予如下：應取向於建立基本工資調整制度、應取向於縮短貧富差距。本文對於反對的解碼立場的意義賦予如下：應尊重勞工人性尊嚴、不應偏袒企業、新臺幣267元是一個關鍵數字。

關鍵字

基本工資；霍爾；製碼；解碼；意義賦予

並列摘要

The Minimum Wage is characterized by politics, economics and social stability. As per the Regulations for the Deliberation of Minimum Wage in 2013, the Council for Labor Affairs should invite labor groups, employers, government officials and academic representatives to review the minimum wage annually. However, the minimum wage adjustment case in 2013, in which the Executive Yuan rejected the increase of the minimum wage bill passed by the Minimum Wage Review Committee, has aroused divergent views and then the basic wage adjustment has become the most discussed topic. The study adopted Stuart Hall’s coding theory as a research approach. The substance of the theory is to point out that the code maker’s coding position and idea is not necessarily equal to the code recipient’s decoding position and idea. First, the research, referred to the coding theory, regarded the Regulations of the Executive Yuan for the Deliberation of Basic Wage in 2013 as an encoded symbol. Then, the research, referred to the decoding theory, interpreted the Deliberation of Basic Wage through three decoding positions, namely the dominant-hegemonic position, the negotiated position, and the opposition position. The research defined the interpretative meanings of the dominant-hegemonic position as follows: should take the global economic trend as the ponder pattern, should place the utmost importance on a large number of people, should return to statistics to discuss. The research defined the interpretative meanings of the negotiated position as follows: should be orientated to establish a minimum wage regulative system, should be orientated to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. The research defined the interpretative meanings of the opposition position as follows: should respect labor human dignity, should not be biased partial to the enterprise, the 267 NT-dollars is a key figure.