建構新的生命認同即是創意─馬偕的創意生命故事

Creativity is to construct new self identity:The creative life story of G. L. MacKay

徐柏蓉(Bo-Rong Xu)

指導教授 ： 陳昭儀

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/創造力發展碩士在職專班/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究以心理傳記為研究取向，敘寫馬偕的創意生命故事，並以匯合取向的創造力理論為基礎看視馬偕生命的創造力展現。研究過程中，以馬偕的日記、委託他人出版的著作《From Far Formosa》為主要自我敘說材料，並輔以其他研究文獻、他傳等材料進行敘寫，企圖還原現象，勾勒、詮釋馬偕的性格與一生。
以Amabile的脈絡理論來看，馬偕具有強烈的特質動機，在宗教動力下追求自我實現；具備教育及醫療領域相關專業知能，並富有利於創意思考的立法型認知風格與工作風格，能跨界學習；這三者交集產出馬偕的創造力，具體展現於他突破教育準備時期所習得的典範，進而創造自己的台灣宣教模式。而以Csikszentmihalyi的系統取向觀之，馬偕生逢十九世紀基督教史上海外宣教的大世紀，成長在信仰敬虔的家庭與支持宣教的教會；在奮而不懈的努力下，成功在系統中位移為守門員，進而影響學門、領域及北台灣與加拿大的社會文化。
馬偕一生奔騰在不斷突破疆界的超越之路，並且以英雄造時勢之姿整合資源於宣教工作；而他在生命擴展的過程中，從意志的決定、情感的深化到建構出對自己身份的新認同，是他創造力展現的丰采樣貌，從而亦詮釋了何為創造即是勇氣。
文末提出對當代社會處境台灣的建議，亦提出後續研究相關建議─進行本土宗教領域傑出人物生涯歷程研究，並從中應用或發展新的創造力理論於研究傑出人物生涯歷程，如此信可為心理傳記、創造力範疇之研究帶來豐碩成果。

關鍵字

馬偕 ； 心理傳記 ； 生命故事 ； 創造力

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to use a psychobiographical method to narrate the creative life stories of Dr. George Leslie MacKay, and to analyze his creativity in life by using a creativity theory called confluence approaches. “From Far Formosa”, the diary of MacKay, supplemented with past literature and biographies written by others were used in this study in order to interpret his personality and life.
According to “Creativity in Context” of Amabile, MacKay had three characteristics: a strong motivation to pursue self-fulfillment in religion, specialized knowledge in education and medicine, and a “legislative” cognitive and working style, which was good for creativity and learning across different disciplines. The combination of these three characteristics resulted in the creativity of MacKay and his creativity was shown in the missionary model that he created in Taiwan. In addition, according to the systems approach of Csikszentmihalyi, MacKay was born in the nineteenth century, a century for oversea missionary work in the Christian history, and was born in a religious family who believed in missionary work. With his indefatigable efforts, he successfully became the gatekeeper in the system and further influenced the discipline and culture in northern Taiwan and Canada.
MacKay was devoted himself to going beyond boundaries and to integrating resources for missionary work. In the process of expanding his life, his creativity was shown in how he determined his will, and constructed his new self identify. It also interpreted why creativity was courage.
Implications for current situations of Taiwan’s society and for future research in studying the careers of indigenous outstanding figures in religion conscience were addressed in the end of this research. Through applying creativity theories to or developing new theories in studying the careers of outstanding figures, it would enrich the literature and methods in psychobiographical research and the study of creativity.

並列關鍵字

MacKay ； psychobiography ； life story ； creativity

參考文獻

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