女性雙胞胎生涯自我認同發展之敘說研究

The Narrative Research of Career self-identity development of female twins

柯愷瑄(Kai-Hsuan Ko)

指導教授 ： 金樹人博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究旨從女性雙胞胎敘說生涯自我認同發展的故事中，理解雙胞胎生涯自我認同的發展脈絡及其可能面臨的特殊議題；並進一步瞭解女性雙胞胎生涯自我認同影響其生涯發展的歷程。

本研究的研究參與者為四位（兩對）女性雙胞胎，研究方法採用敘說研究的方法論與「整體-內容」的分析方法。經由文本分析的結果，呈現以下的研究結果與發現：

一、兩對女性雙胞胎其生涯自我認同發展脈絡呈現：
（一）早年記憶對重要他人肯定之重視，貫穿生涯自我認同之發展
（二）雙胞胎生涯自我認同之發展根源於雙胞胎共享及競爭重要他人關注之早期經驗
（三）不同的關係形態影響雙胞胎不同之生涯自我認同發展
1.親密又競爭的關係，雙胞胎生涯自我認同建立在「輸贏」、「優劣」上，傾向「競爭式」與「分裂式」的認同
2.親密共生的關係，雙胞胎生涯自我認同傾向於兩人「完全一致」的認同
（四）父母教養態度將影響雙胞胎對於彼此差異的看法
（五）雙胞胎成雙成對的狀態發展出「連體我」的認同
1. 雙胞胎「連體我」的認同受到「雙胞胎為前世緣份」之詮釋而強化
2.雙胞胎引人注目、「力量加乘」之優勢，增強其「連體我」的認同
3.緊密的雙胞胎關係產生兩人一組的角色分工，進一步影響自我認同
4. 「雙胞胎能力應該相當」的期望引起自我標籤化之效應
（六）物理空間的分離、青春期獨立意識的發展及情愛關係私密性的追求促發「獨立」自我認同的開展
（七）親密又競爭的關係，「分」反而是一種各自開展自我的解脫

二、兩對女性雙胞胎在生涯自我認同發展歷程中呈現的特殊議題：
（一）物理空間分離引發心理「分離」的適應議題
（二）雙胞胎將對方視為最重要的依附對象，且具有無可取代的獨特地位
（三）將彼此作為自我的一種延伸，存在著「連體我」的認同
（四）雙胞胎第二次分離-個體化歷程同時面臨與父母分化及雙胞胎相互箝制的壓力
三、兩對女性雙胞胎其生涯自我認同影響其生涯發展的歷程
（一）生涯自我認同與雙胞胎關係交織起舞、進一步影響生涯發展中的「試探」、「承諾」與「抉擇」。且親密與競爭的雙胞胎，生涯自我認同與生涯發展歷程為「自我」、「雙胞胎」與「父母期望」三股動力間逐漸形塑、來回辨證的歷程；和諧共生的雙胞胎其生涯自我認同與生涯發展歷程則為「我」、「我們」以及「父母期望」纏繞交錯的生涯抉擇歷程。
（二）雙胞胎生涯自我認同與生涯發展之複雜性：在「我是」與「我們是」之間分辨以及在「同中求異」、「異中求同」兩股動力中擺盪
（三）四位研究參與者其生涯角色「為人子女」角色突顯並傾向彼此分工

最後根據研究結果進行綜合性討論，並提出本研究的限制及具體建議，以作為未來研究、心理諮商實務與生涯諮商實務之參考。

關鍵字

生涯自我認同 ； 女性雙胞胎 ； 生涯發展歷程

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the development context of career self–identity of female twins, and the specific issue. Otherwise, researcher want to understand the female twins’ career self-identity how to effect their career development in advanced.

This study invited two dyad identical female twins to narrate their life story. The Methodology of the thesis are narrative research and the analysis of holistic content.

Several findings according to the data analysis are as follows:

1. Career self identity developmental context of female twins are：
a. To value the positive regard from significant others in the early memories is throughout the whole career self-identity development.
b. Career self identity development of twins begins from the share and competition of significant others’ regard with her twin.
c. Different relationship pattern influence the different career self identity development of twins
(1) Close and competent relationship impact self identity which based on the 「Winner-Loser」、「Superior -Inferior」thoughts
(2) Close and harmonic relationship induce the identity of coincidence between themselves
d. The attitude of parents influence the twins how to view the difference between them.
e. Twins are often together and their alikeness，seems to develop the twins’ 「we-self」identity.
（1）The interpretation to be a twins - twins should come from the intimate relationship of pre-existence, enforce the twins 「we-self」identity .
（2）To be the twins could easily become the focus and have double strength seems amplify the twins「we-self」identity .
（3）As twins are used to be together-just like a couple，would influence the twins develop different and specific roles, and effect the development of self-identity in advanced.
（4）Others assume that twins are the same individual and possessing the equal ability, would cause the labeling effect.
f. Independent self identity evolvement is associated with physical space separation、independent sense in adolescence, and the chase of love and privacy.
g. As with intimate and competitive relationship, separation may attribute to independent development for the twin themselves.

2. The special issues in the career self-identity development are:
a. Separation of physical space induce the adaptation issues of psychological separation
b. Twins regard each-other as the most important attachment object and unique position that can’t be replaced.
c. Twins assume each other as expansion of themselves, their self-identity contain the identity of twins “we-self”.
d. During the second separation-individualization process, the twins may encounter the pressure to differentiate from their parents and their twins.
3. The career self-identity of the 2 dyad female identical twins influence the
a. The career self–identity development of the twins is associated with the twin-ship, and it may influence career exploration, career commitment and career choice making. As with intimate and competitive twin-ship, the career self-identity and career developmental process of the twins are fused and formed by three forces as “self”、”twinship”, and ”parents` expectation”. The career self- identity and career developmental process of the harmonic twin-ship are career choice making process organized by “we”, ”us”, and “parents` expectation”.
b. The complexity of the twin`s career self-identity and the career development：
(1) differentiation between “ I am” and “ we are”
(2) fusion of “alike” and “unique”
c. The career roles of the four research anticipants were highlighted as being daughterly offspring and cooperative partners.

Lastly, according to the research result and discussion, the limitation and recommendation of this research could be future references of related researches, psychological counseling and career counseling.

並列關鍵字

career self-identity ； female identical twins ； career developmental process

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