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  • 學位論文

中年女性職場轉換之經驗與學習研究--以兒童補教業為例

Middle-Aged Women’s Career Transition and Experiential Learning~ A Case Study of Female Teacher in the Child Cram School

指導教授 : 陳雪雲
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摘要


中文摘要 本研究將討論中年女性生命階段中,「生命事件」(life events)對其生涯與職涯發展所產生的影響與轉變。藉由內心和外在世界的交錯互動,對生命事件的再評估,而引發個體產生身理上、心理上以及生活領域結構層面的重構與改變。並且,經由多重複雜因素的交互影響,進而引發驅動生涯轉變更替的動力。並探討中年女性所扮演的多重角色對其生涯與職涯發展的影響、轉業前的決策歷程以及在新職場中其知識轉移機制、從生手到專家的學習歷程之學習經驗,最後整合職場學習經驗、職場轉換歷程與轉業前後之學習策略與管道三者,並分析三者之相關性。 本研究之主要研究目的為分析中年女性職場轉換動機、分析其經驗轉換之情形以及瞭解其轉入補教業所需之工作知能及其學習特性。希望對中年女性職涯發展有所理解,並建議輔導轉戰至補教業者學習規劃之參考。 具體言之,本研究之研究問題為探究中年女性轉換職場事件之性質、原因及決策過程;分析不同社會位置之中年女性其職場轉換事件之性質、原因及決策過程之異同;探究中年女性轉入補教業所需工作知能及其學習特性;最後,分析不同社會位置之中年女性其補教工作知能與學習特性之異同。 研究過程係依靠質性研究取向,以四位受訪者所經營之補習班作為研究場域,共立意選取四位中年女性補教業者作為訪談個案,並輔以生命史研究設計、深度訪談、參與觀察和文件資料等,方能收集豐富的資訊,作為深度詮釋中年女性之職場轉換和工作經驗學習之素材。 根據研究,發現中年女性補教業者之職業生涯是多重轉化;其生涯轉換與家庭利益密不可分;職場中關係性成就感牽動中年女性轉業以及轉業是經驗連結並帶動審慎學習。再者,探究中年女性補教業者之職場類型與職場學習可歸納出六個分析焦點:分別是(一)家庭經濟之資本累積與性別角色複製;(二)安親輔導與多元才藝混合、合法與非法並存;(三)補教業者須具備具經營與教學雙重知能;「商業經營」與「教養關懷」交錯的事業;(四)補教業經營與女性自我實現以及(五)補教業者之多重學習管道。並且,在中年女性補教業者職業生涯與學習之比較分析中發現世代差異與職場類型差異等因素皆會影響中年女性之學習。 最後,根據本研究之結論,提出建議,以供政府單位、成人教育機構、有意轉戰至補教業者學習規劃及未來進一步研究之參考。 <關鍵字> 中年女性、中年期、生命事件、補教業、學習、職場轉換、經驗

並列摘要


Middle-Aged Women’s Career Transition and Experiential Learning~ A Case Study of Female Teacher in the Child Cram School Abstract The objective of this research is to explore how life events as a benchmark of life transition of four middle-aged women who own the cram school in Taiwan. Taking the definition of live structure is .the underlying pattern of one’s life and shaped by both biological and psychological needs as well as by social and cultural expectation. Futhermore, the life events which occur on the stage of midlife again, initiates them to make change and transformation in physiology, psychological and social life domain. Put it specifically, this study aims to analyze the middle-aged women’s career development, including what kinds of decision has made in their career transition, and what kinds of strategies they adopt to cope with the recently new job— the cram school. Finally, we hope to understand what kinds of factors such as education, social status, or cohort effect can explain away the variance of the middle-aged women’s career development. Taking an approach of life story, a multi-method design that includes in-depth interview, participant-observation and documentary analysis is set up to collect the data. A purposive sample of four middle-aged women who have run cram schools in Taipei and Hsinchu are selected and deploy the in-depth interviews. This research unfolds that the middle-aged women’s career identities are coupled with family identity comprising their husbands and children, therefore, their career transition and the family benefit are inseparable. Also, the individual and relational achievements are scored high by them whether work in the business sector or self-employment. And the decision of career transition is related to their previous life experience, afterwards they devote to deliberative learning in order to cope with life change. In conclusion, the findings of this research are as followings: (1) The cram school are run either as home based business or chain store in Taiwan. However the sex role is duplicated in the workplace. (2) The cram school is owned either as a formal or informal business. (3) The women who run the cram school must quip with a variety of skills including the practice of management and marketing, teaching profession and guidance. (4) The female runner may result in self-fulfillment. (6) They take part in non-formal and informal education. Finally, the result also indicates that the generation and the ownership of school all can affect the middle-aged women’s learning during the career transition. <keywords>middle-aged women、midlife、life events、cram school、learning、career transition、experience

參考文獻


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江麗瑩(2007)。中年人的生活事件與中年危機之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-2910200810544891
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