中文線上公用目錄系統FRBR功能設計之研究

A Study of Implementation of FRBR- based OPAC

蔡家齊(Chia-Chi Tsai)

指導教授 ： 陳昭珍

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/圖書資訊學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

1998年國際圖書館協會聯盟（簡稱IFLA）提出書目記錄功能需求（簡稱FRBR）。FRBR將書目記錄應滿足之功能定義為：協助使用者找到、識別、選擇、取得資料，從作品家族的角度分析，定義符合使用者需求的實體關連，有層次地將館藏內容呈現出來。

圖書館的線上公用目錄（簡稱OPAC）是圖書館書目記錄及館藏內容的展現平台，也是檢視書目記錄是否達到其目標的依據。自FRBR推出以來，有不少數位圖書館計畫，已採用該模式定義其metadata格式；也有不少圖書館或資料中心將傳統的書目記錄轉為FRBR模式之目錄。本研究希望了解FRBR應用在中文OPAC系統之可行性及可能的情形，具體的研究問題說明如下：

一、FRBR在圖書資訊學界的應用現況為何？分別探討傳統圖書館、數位圖書館、使用者介面功能，三方面的應用。
二、CMARC書目資料轉換成FRBR實體模式時，欄位對應的結果與遭遇到的困難為何？
三、中文OPAC系統之FRBR使用者介面，如何設計呈現FRBR功能？

本研究採用的研究方法有二，分別為：內容分析法及發展研究法；透過文獻分析了解FRBR在圖書資訊學界的應用現況；透過內容分析，找出CMARC欄位與FRBR實體模式的對應；透過訪談一般使用者和專家了解對於OPAC的需求，以及對於FRBR介面功能的提示；綜合文獻個案分析的結果，設計可應用在中文OPAC系統之FRBR使用者介面。

研究結果從三方面說明之，首先是FRBR在圖書資訊學界的應用現況，五個FRBR應用在傳統圖書館的實例，在識別（identify）這項功能上，與傳統圖書館OPAC系統相去不遠。而在數位圖書館的應用上，或因有其他資訊組織模式搭配使用，FRBR實體關連定義較明確，也較符合目標資料（target data）的性質。在使用者介面呈現上， FRBR介面提供了較具條理性、較為清晰，較易查找檢索結果的資料呈現方式。其次在書目資料的處理上，本研究發現CMARC欄位與分欄轉換至FRBR實體屬性的結果，仍有許多待討論之處，請見表4-1和表4-2的說明。綜合上述研究結果，本研究提出FRBR模式化的OPAC系統介面示意圖。示意圖中，系統介面同時具有瀏覽和檢索功能，且使用者可依作品主題、作品語文、作品文體、作品載體類型限制呈現檢索結果。

關鍵字

書目記錄功能需求 ； 線上公用目錄 ； 中國機讀編目格式 ； 內容分析法 ； 書目紀錄 ； 使用者介面

並列摘要

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) published the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) in 1998. According to IFLA, bibliographic records, which should perform four user tasks, help users to find, to identify, to select, and to obtain bibliographic data. FRBR analyzes bibliographic records from the work-family angle. FRBR defines the relations of entities that can fulfill the user’s needs. Moreover, FRBR allows the collection held in libraries to be presented and displayed by levels.

Online public access catalog (OPAC) presents bibliographic records and collections held in libraries. Whether or not bibliographic records perform the four user tasks described above can be assessed from OPAC. Only few digital library projects have adopted FRBR model to define their metadata formats after FRBR has been launched. Additionally, some libraries and data centers have transformed their traditional bibliographic data into FRBR-based catalogs. However, the application of FRBR to Chinese OPAC systems have not been seriously studied. Therefore, this study tries to explore the possibility of applying FRBR to Chinese OPAC systems. The research questions this study raised include:

1. What is the current state of FRBR application in the library communities? This study will discuss this question based on three aspects, including traditional libraries, digital libraries, and the functions of the interface.

2. What are the results of fields mapping and potential problems that may be emerged when bibliographic records in CMARC format transform into FRBR-based entity model?

3. How to design FRBR-based user interface of Chinese OPAC systems to present the FRBR functions?

Research methods of this study are content analysis and Research & Development (R&D). This study analyzes the current state of FRBR application in the library communities based on literature review. It also explores the mapping of CMARC fields and FRBR model by content analysis. Furthermore, this study interviews both five general users and three experts to investigate their needs of OPAC and the functions of FRBR-based interface. Finally, this study provides suggestions on designing FRBR-based user interfaces of Chinese OPAC systems according to what is acquired from the case study in the literature discussed.

The results of this study include the current state of FRBR application in the library communities. The five examples selected to study for the application of FRBR in traditional libraries suggests that there is no difference between traditional OPACs and FRBR-based systems when it comes to identifying bibliographic records. On the other hand, the three examples analyzed for understanding the application of FRBR in digital libraries suggest that there are clearer definitions of FRBR entity relations and more matching characteristics of the target data. It may result from the facts that digital libraries usually adopt information organization model from other sources at the same time This study also found that FRBR-based interfaces present the results retrieved in a more organized way, which is clearer and may thus be easier for users to locate what they are looking for. However, this study considers that there are still a few uncertain transformation results which need more check and discussion. Please see also the statement of table 4-1 and table 4-2 in this study. Finally, this study concludes all the results found and suggests a FRBR-based OPAC interfaces. With these interfaces, users can find collections by browsing and by searching. Additionally, users can display the search result limiting by subjects of works, by languages of works, by literary forms of works and by types of manifestations.

並列關鍵字

FRBR ； OPAC ； CMARC ； R&D

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