在校園縫隙遊走的女孩---非預期懷孕技專青少女之校園經驗

Wandering Teenage Girls on Campus Edge---Experiences of Unexpected Pregnancy on Campus

吳佩芬

指導教授 ： 劉杏元

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/公民教育與活動領導學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究旨在以生態系統與校園環境的理論觀點，探討青少女非預期懷孕之生態系統衝擊與校園經驗。研究問題如下：一、非預期懷孕青少女之衝擊與心理歷程為何？二、非預期懷孕青少女對校園環境之主觀知覺經驗為何？（物理環境、師生互動、同儕互動、學業學習及學校組織回應需求的經驗等）三、非預期懷孕青少女之受教權益及影響因素為何？

本研究採質性研究取徑，透過深度訪談與參與觀察進行資料收集，企圖從非預期懷孕青少女的角度出發，深入了解技專青少女因非預期懷孕之所知覺的校園經驗。以立意抽樣的方式，以北部某技專學校的3位非預期懷孕青少女為研究對象，並以同儕檢核、三角檢證、研究參與者檢核及厚實敘寫，以建立本研究之信實度。研究重要發現如下：

一、 非預期懷孕青少女之衝擊與心理歷程

　　青少女因非預期懷孕事件，造成其個人、家庭、社區與學校生態系統的衝擊，包括：（一）失落的年輕靈魂：身體心像的扭曲、被強硬轉彎的未來、育兒知識的不足；（二）有了，還能怎麼辦：家庭系統力量的拉扯（原生家庭欲保護子女而消極接納，與男方家庭欲護胎兒而積極接納的拉扯力量；家人與另一半的支持）、倉促的紅毯人生、湧現的經濟狀況；（三）外流的不光榮事件：未婚懷孕的污名化（「大面神」的帶球小新娘、「社區廣播電台」臆測著不光榮的故事）、校園夢的變奏曲。在探究青少女因非預期懷孕事件造成其生態系統的衝擊時，可以發現系統內兩兩抗衡的力量，不斷地交錯影響著青少女的抉擇，包括：1.生涯與母職的抗衡；2.「護女」與「護胎」的拉扯；3.欲以「拉緊脫疆的愛情」掩蓋「非預期懷孕」的汙名註記。

　　非預期懷孕青少女面對生態系統的衝擊時，其心理歷程如下：（一）生　命的意外：不願相信的事實（否認、不敢置信）、難以啟齒、真的做錯了？；（二）站在天秤上：胎兒的取捨、命運（角色與未來目標）轉換的壓力；（三）尊重生命（孩子的生存權、我願意！我們來負責）；（四）母職的喜悅；（五）許未來的承諾。

二、非預期懷孕事件青少女校園環境的主觀知覺經驗

　　研究者以鉅視觀點探究非預期懷孕事件青少女生態系統的衝擊，進而聚焦於以懷孕身份進入校園之女學生，發現其校園環境的主觀知覺經驗：一、四面楚歌的校園條件（物理環境）：水腫腳下的好漢坡、樓梯或電梯，請許我一個運氣、宿舍生活的難題；二、夫子的善意與惡意之間（師生互動）：「解惑」之真諦、親師的支持、「機會教育」，忽視內在需求（責備、多一事不如少一事與缺乏同理）、談「孕」色變，言語暴力（諷刺想不開、反諷「校園人物」）；三、同窗不同心（同儕互動）：小媽媽的閨中密友、年輕女孩的「秘辛」、掛著一顆球來上課、年輕掌心下的「奇妙胎動」、耳語間的猜忌、被唱衰的婚姻；四、學習當自強（學習經驗）：孤獨的校園感受、冒險嘗試的學習、落後一大截的「學習/生涯」、憐憫的分數、開口發問的窘境；五、「給不起的教育」而生束縛（校園氣氛）：被隱形的議題、隱匿角落的次文化（學生組成特性、學校地理位置與強制住宿的校園文化）、上課症候群。

三、非預期懷孕青少女之受教權益及影響因素

　　本研究係以2005年教育部頒佈性別平等教育法第十四條「學生懷孕事件輔導與處理要點」為分水嶺，探究非預期懷孕青少女之受教權益及影響因素。頒佈法令前，懷孕學生沒有產假保障以及通報系統，青少女一旦發現懷孕，幾乎等同於中止學業；頒佈法令後，學校支持與異樣眼光成為影響其繼續停留學校的主因。研究參與者表達其在校園壓抑的聲音：1.教育制度設計不良，應擬定更適切配套如性教育的施行、懷孕學生輔導方案；以及2.懷孕不是罪，學校只是社會的一環，整體社會體制污名才是改變的重點。

　　依據研究發現，本研究提出關於非預期懷孕青少女的生態系統脈絡、生命意外成了生命禮物的心理歷程、家庭與學校支持力量的重要性、校園縫隙依舊存在四項結論，並分別從政府政策、高等教育學生事務工作及進一步研究提出具體建議。

關鍵字

非預期懷孕 ； 青少女 ； 衝擊 ； 心理歷程 ； 校園經驗

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is, based on the viewpoints of ecological system theory and campus environment, to explore the impact on the experiences of unexpected teenage pregnancy. Research questions are as follows: 1.What is the impact of those teenage girls’ unexpected pregnancies, and what are the process and content of their psychological development? 2. What is the environmental perception of those experiences (physical environment, teacher-student interaction, peer interaction, academic learning and school response to their demands, etc.)? 3. What are the rights of education and influential factors of those girls?

With an attempt to start from the perspective of those teenage girls, qualitative research approach is taken to depth interviews and participant observation. By using semi-structured interviews with the outline to collect data, a total of three interviews was chosen in an Institution of Technology in northern Taiwan.

This research found that unexpected teenage pregnancy would cause the impact of individuals, families, communities and schools. The ecosystem includes：
1.the lost of young souls: a distorted body image; a tough turn for the future; lack of parental knowledge;
2.the lost of direction: the pushing-pulling power of the family; hasty wedding life; the emergence of economic problem;
3.the lost of glory: the stigma of unwed pregnancy; variations of the campus dreams.

However, the system can be found to counter in two ways, continue to affect the unintended teenage pregnancy staggered choices, including: career with motherhood, protecting adolescent girls" and "protecting baby, and trying to "tighten off-rein love" cover up the stigma of "unwed pregnancy".

The process and content of their psychological development are:
1.the accidents of life: do not want to believe the fact that; difficult to tell the fact; done something wrong?
2.Stand on the scales: the fetus's choice, the fate of conversion of the pressure;
3.respect for life
4.the joy of motherhood
5.commitment to the future.

This study next focus on pregnant students to understand their identity to enter the campus, the campus environment of the subjective perception of the experience:
1.besieged on all sides of campus conditions: edema Men at the foot of the slope, stairs or elevator, please wish me a fortune, living quarters of the problem;
2.between the master's goodwill and malice: "uncertainty" of the true meaning, the pro-teacher support, "the opportunity for education "neglect of the internal demand, the" pregnancy "terribly, the language of violence;
3.classmate different heart: small mother’s close friend, young girls’ secrets, hung a ball to school, young palm under the "wonderful movement," whispered suspicions between, be bad-mouthing marriage;
4.learn by herself: feelings of loneliness campus, taking the plunge of the study, behind a big slice of the "learning / career", have mercy on the score, the opening question of the dilemma;
5."give not rise of education " and the shackles of Health: was Stealth topics hidden corner of sub-culture, class syndrome.

Among them, the researchers found three main topics: 1. unfriendly campus environment: the physical environment of threats and hostility, the lack of individual and private area, the administrative barriers organizations, highlighted the lonely and helpless feeling; 2. even if the campus friendly, dare not and do not want to use: the spirit of comity, in disguise of concern, the protection of space, labeling of the cage, resource-rich but struggling alone; 3. campus atmosphere become the epitome of social and cultural.

The study found that the impact of unintended teenage pregnancy right to an education campus factors, the Department of the Ministry of Education in 2005 Gender Equality Education Law enacted Article XIV "student counseling and treatment of pregnant incident points" as a line. Before, pregnant students do not leave security and communications system, once found to be pregnant, is almost equivalent to the suspension of their studies; after, the school support and vision abnormalities affecting their schools continue to remain the main cause. Through interviews, participants to listen to the voice of the campus to hide, they propose: 1. poor education system, there shall be appropriate, such as supporting the implementation of sex education and counseling program; 2. pregnancy is not a crime, schools and society should respect their educational rights.

Based study found that unintended pregnancy on adolescent girls ecosystem context, life has become a accidents gift, psychological history, family and school support for the importance of the gap still exists on campus four conclusions and from government policies, Higher Education and Student Affairs for further study and make specific recommendations.

Keywords: the unexpected teenage pregnancy, impact, psychological development, the campus experience

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