幼兒之老人概念研究

A study on children's concept about elderly

蕭怡筠(Hsiao Yi-Yun)

指導教授 ： 林歐貴英

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒之老人概念，藉由質性研究的方式以獲得幼兒之老人概念輪廓。研究目的為：探討幼兒對老的定義及感受、瞭解幼兒對生命週期的認識、探討幼兒辨識老人的依據、瞭解幼兒對社會中老人角色的認識、瞭解幼兒對老人的印象、瞭解幼兒在祖孫關係中互動情形、探討不同背景幼兒（性別、城鄉、家庭結構、與老人相處經驗）之老人概念。
本研究以台北市（內湖、信義區）與新竹縣關西鎮大班幼兒各二十名為研究對象，並以研究者自編半結構式訪談大綱、圖卡進行，研究發現主要如下：
一、幼兒的老人概念充滿個人感情與心像，且深深受到生活經驗的影響。
二、大班幼兒已具有區分出老人的能力，且對老人辨別以生理老化和社會老化
為主要判斷依據。
三、幼兒對老的認識具多元性。
四、我國幼兒對老人具有正向的印象，且多以自己的祖父母為藍本來描述。
五、幼兒對老人之概念與家庭組成結構與其生活型態有相關性。
本研究提出的建議分為三方面：
一、給家長之建議：若能多給孩童機會去接觸老人，培養對老人的概念與情
感，將有助於化解對老人刻板印象，並幫助其強化未來自己老年時的自我
概念。
二、給幼教人員之建議：在日常生活作息上，安排適合年長者與幼兒的互動機
會；增加與老人相關的單元主題教學，幫助幼兒建立正確的老化知識。
三、建議未來之後續研究，在樣本方面可增加各年齡層之幼兒做為研究對象，
以增加資料豐富性；另可以本研究之訪談大綱為基礎，發展適合學齡前幼
兒之老人概念量化評量工具與問卷。

關鍵字：幼兒、老人、概念

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 老人 ； 概念

並列摘要

This research aimed to understand young children’s concept about elderly. Qualitative (interview) method was used to explore young children’s concept about senior citizens. The objectives of this study were to discuss young children’s definition and feeling of aging, understand young children’s impression of life cycle, discuss the criterion by which young children identify elderly, understand young children’s comprehension of senior citizens in the society, recognize young children’s perception of elderly, understand the interaction between young children and their grandparents, and discuss young children of different background’s concept about elderly (gender, living regions, family structure, and living experience with elderly).
A total of 40 six-year-old kindergarten children were selected as subjects (20 from Taipei City (Neihu and Xinyi Districts), and 20 from Guanxi Town, Hsin-Chu County). Semi-structured interview outline and relevant illustrations were used in the interview to explore young children’s concept about elderly. The main findings were:
a.Young children’s concept about elderly contained
personal emotions, and was affected by living
experiences.
b.Kindergarten children of six-year-old had the ability to
distinguish elderly, and the main distinguishing criteria
were physical aging and societal aging.
c.Young children had diverse impressions about aging.
d.Young children in Taiwan had positive impressions toward
elderly, and most of them used grandparents as an outline
to describe their impressions.
e.Young children’s concept about elderly and family
structure was relevant to their life style.
Three suggestions were made based on the findings of this study:
a.Suggestions for parents: giving children more chances to
contact and spend time with elderly can diminish
children’s stereotype and fear of senior citizens, and
can enhance children’s positive attitude toward aging.
b.Suggestions for educators: appropriate interactive
activities between elderly and children in daily lives
should be arranged. In addition, classes featuring aging
and elderly should be added to the curriculum in order to
convey correct knowledge of aging.
c.Suggestions for future research: include children of a
wider range of age to the study sample. Besides, the
interview outline of this study can be used as a base to
develop quantitative methods and questionnaires to
collect data.

key words：young children 、elderly、concept

並列關鍵字

young children ； elderly ； concept

參考文獻

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