從飄浪到安定：中年男性自覺成為「男人」之敘說研究

The narrative research of male identity for a middle-aged man.

呂芳遠(Lu Fang-Yuan)

指導教授 ： 金樹人

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究從一位中年男性敘說其成為男人故事中，與其共構出完整的生命成長故事，並進一步理解影響其男性認同之生命主題。再則，瞭解影響其男性認同生命主題對研究參與者之意涵，並在進一步敘說之後，探索未來男性認同之想法。最後，採用「社會生態脈絡」的觀點，理解影響中年男性男性認同之社會文化脈絡。

本研究為立意取樣，邀請一位年齡約50多歲的中年男性。研究方法採用質性研究的敘說方法論與「整體-內容」的分析方法。透過研究參與者與研究者共構、解構與重新建構其生命故事，瞭解中年男性整體生命經驗之男性認同與社會脈絡。經由資料理解後，呈現以下研究結果與發現：
一、 研究參與者其整體男性認同為：「以經濟條件作為男性價值」和「相信自己不僅僅是如此」。而其男性認同生命主題脈絡呈現出以下幾點內涵：
1.男性認同生命主題內涵源自於「本質論」的追尋。
2.男性認同生命主題內涵受到「社會性別角色」的影響。
3.男性認同生命主題內涵透過「社會建構」的建立。
4.男性認同生命主題脈絡為尋求「解決生存問題」的過程。
5.男性認同生命主題脈絡呈現出不同「主體我」。
6.從男性認同生命主題內涵看見關係疏離。
7.男性認同生命主題內涵看見男性多元性取向的可能。

二、敘說後，對其未來男性認同之改變與看法
（一）敘說後，其男性認同意義之改變：「相信自己不僅僅如此，還要有時運的安排」，及找到未來方向：「堅持作自己（穩定、有能力、能言善道）」和「能關懷他人」。
（二）敘說後，對其未來男性認同之看法：
1.未來男性認同為過去生命經驗之反思與渴望：其內容為：（1）對男性認同的反思（2）關係的修復與開展（3）自我的重新安放與開顯
2.未來男性認同為過去生命主題之延伸：「堅持作自己」（穩定、有能力、能言善道）和「能關懷他人」。

三、影響研究參與者男性認同之社會文化脈絡
「眷村文化」的成長背景、「以經濟條件作為建構男性主體價值」和「臺灣資本主義社會型態」的視框是影響本研究中研究參與者發展其男性認同之重要社會文化脈絡。

最後，根據研究結果進行綜合性的討論，並提出本研究的限制和建議以作為未來研究的參考。

關鍵字

男性研究 ； 男性自覺 ； 敘說研究 ； 男性認同

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the male identity of a middle-aged man from his whole life experience. In the first step, the researcher co-constructed the life story of the participant with him. Subsequently, the researcher helped the participant to recount his life story again and to uncover the important life events that influenced his male identity. They also tried to decipher the meaning and significance of these life events to his male identity. Next, the researcher helped the participant establish the main life theme of male identity. Thirdly, using the socio-ecological perspective, the researcher highlighted the influence of the participant’s socio-cultural background on the development of his male identity.

This qualitative study is based on interviews with a man who is around 50 years old to find out his male identity through his life storytelling. Two methods of research were adopted: narrative inquiry, and the analysis of holistic content and hermeneutic circle. From the data analyses, several findings were discovered:
1.The overall core male identity of the middle-aged man revolved around two main issues: “determining one's value as a male person by his financial status” and “believing in one’s potential” in the past life. A few themes that emerged from this man’s male identity were as followed:
A.The life theme of male identity originated from the pursuit of essentialism.
B.The life theme of male identity was influenced by gender role norms.
C.The life theme of male identity was developed based on social constructivism.
D.The life theme of male identity was developed within the context of resolving survival problems.
E.Different “subjective selves” emerged from the life theme of male identity.
F.Relationship estrangements form the life theme of male identity.
G.The possibility of having diverse male sexual orientations can be perceived from the life theme of male identity.

2.After re-telling his story, the meaning of the participant’s future male identity and his expectations of this future identity have changed:
A.The later meaning of his male identity became “believing that he has a larger life potential and that sometimes he needs to plan his life according to timing and luck" and finding his future life direction by "being committed to be oneself by being steady, competent, and articulate" and by "taking care of others.”
B.The expectations of his future male identity were as followed:
a. The content of his future male identity comes from his reflection and desires of his past life experiences, such as“reflection about male identity”, “repair and restoration of relationships”, and “accepting and reestablishing oneself.”
b.The main contents of his future male identity are extensions of his past life themes of “being oneself: steady, competent, and articulate.” and “taking care of others.”

3.A few important social factors that influenced the participant's male identity development include “growing up in the unique culture of Military Dependent’s Villages”, “determining one's value as a male person by his financial status”, and “the patterns of capitalist society in Taiwan”.

Lastly, the limitations and recommendations of this research were discussed for future references.

並列關鍵字

male research ； male awareness ； narrative inquiry ； male identity

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