中央與地方在教育機會均等議題之權限劃分研究：以國小延伸英語教學為例

Separation of powers between central and local governments on equality of educational opportunity: A case study: the extension of elementary English education

王貿(Wang, Mao)

指導教授 ： 王麗雲 ； 魯先華

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育政策與行政研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

近年來，中央與地方在許多國民教育議題都出現不同主張，有時因中央與各地方採取不同作法，甚至被譏諷為「一國多制」，徒增學生、家長、社會之動盪氛圍，並且不斷消磨中央與地方的合作互信基礎，著實不利教育發展的穩定性與公平性。然究其緣由，主要係肇因於各方對於中央與地方教育權限之見解不同所致，故本研究選擇「國小延伸英語教學」個案，以延伸英語教學作為探討中央與地方教育權限之標的。運用文件分析法與訪談法蒐集研究資料，藉由文件分析法探求法規範之解釋，訪談法蒐集訪談對象對權限劃分之意見，兩相交叉比較，剖析中央與地方教育權限之劃分。
　　本研究結果發現，從實然面觀之，中央教育權限有「自我限縮」與「妥協讓步」的情況；地方教育權限則有依「中央態度」、「縣市首長考量」與「地方資源條件」擴大的情況。從應然面觀之，中央教育權限有兩種相衝突之主張；地方教育權限則應先探究地方自治之意義與範圍，且即便地方擁有因地制宜之權限，仍須先完備相關配套措施。此外，現行教育權限劃分之運作，中央在經費補助、自治監督與政策規劃，地方在政策規劃與執行等方面，皆無法確實保障教育機會均等；且無論是中央或地方層級，都有危害教育機會均等之虞。最後，根據本研究之結果，從權限劃分、教育機會均等與英語教學等方面，提出改進之建議，供教育當局參考。

關鍵字

中央與地方 ； 權限劃分 ； 教育機會均等 ； 國小延伸英語教學

並列摘要

In recent years, central and local governments have usually stood for different positions on compulsory education issues. Sometimes, central and local governments take inconsistent actions for the same matter, and consequently these inconsistencies are ironically called “one country, with too many governances.” Such inconsistency is a disadvantage for developing the stability and equality in educational system, and further causes turbulence among students, parents, and society; it in terms deteriorates the basis of cooperation between central and local governments. However, the root to the problem is that there is no consensus on vertical separation of powers. This study selects “the extension of elementary English education” as the case, using document analysis to interpret the laws and interviews to gather the opinions about vertical separation of powers.
　　The research findings show that the jurisdiction of central government is diminished from what it ought to be, whereas the jurisdiction of local government is enlarged from “inclination of central government,” “mayors’ consideration,” and “the condition of local finance.” Concerning the opinions on what kind of separation of powers should there be, a contradicted statement on the jurisdiction of central government is found; for the jurisdiction of local government, the definition and the scope of local self-governance should be set forth first. Even though local governments are entitled to exercise the jurisdiction granted, the relevant measures for implementing any policy still need to be completed in advance.
　　According to the current practice of separation of powers, equality of educational opportunity is hardly assured by neither the subsidies, supervision of self-governance, and policy planning at the central government level, nor by policy planning and implementation at the local government level. Furthermore, the current practice of separation of powers is regarded as a potential harm to the equality of educational opportunity. Eventually, this study provides some suggestions, from three perspectives – separation of powers, equality of educational opportunity, and English education – to the policy authority.

並列關鍵字

central and local governments ； separation of powers ； equality of educational opportunity ； the extension of elementary English education

參考文獻

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