泛泰雅族資賦優異學生之發掘—電腦化動態評量之運用

The Use of Computerized Dynamic Assessment for Identifying Pan-Atayal Indigenous Gifted Students

張玉佩

指導教授 ： 郭靜姿

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/特殊教育學系/博士(2011年)

摘要

在國小資優學生的鑑定歷程中，標準化智力測驗是最常被運用以評估學習能力的工具。然而，原住民學生卻常基於文化殊異或家庭文化刺激不足的因素，在傳統標準化智力測驗中表現低於潛能的水準，因此少有原住民學生通過鑑定進入一般智能優異班級。
在本研究中，研究者首先透過泛泰雅族（泰雅族、太魯閣族與賽德克族）圖騰的運用，編製「電腦化問題解決能力測驗」，以了解泛泰雅族學生在該測驗中表現達到資優鑑定標準的人數比率。 其次，研究者編製「電腦化動態評量漸進提示系統」運用漸進提示模式（graduated prompting assessment, GPA）與精緻化回饋漸進提示模式（elaboration feedback graduated prompting assessment, E-GPA ）兩種不同介入深度的動態評量，期望了解何種動態評量方式有利於評估學童的潛能發展空間、及近遷移（電腦化問題解決能力測驗前、後測進步量）與遠遷移（TONI-3前、後測進步量）之成效。
本研究之研究設計採「不等組前—後測實驗設計」，以就讀國小六年級之95名泛泰雅族學生為研究受試，分成四組進行實驗：（1）實驗組1：接受一次GPA動態評量介入處理，並檢測其近遷移與遠遷移；（2）實驗組2：接受GPA與E-GPA兩次動態評量介入處理，並檢測其近遷移與遠遷移；（3）控制組1：未接受動態評量介入；（4）控制組2：未接受動態評量介入，但接受近遷移及遠遷移檢測。
本研究工具為：自編「電腦化問題解決能力測驗」、「電腦化動態評量漸進提示系統」及「TONI-3」。施測所得之資料以t檢定及F檢定進行統計考驗。研究之主要發現如下：
一、自編之電腦化問題解決能力測驗含二個因素，共計28題。在信度、效度檢測方面，均得到不錯的結果。
二、以317名泛泰雅族國小六年級學生為電腦化問題解決能力測驗的常模樣本，得到平均數為9.21，標準差為4.64，有4.42％的學生可達到資優鑑定標準。
三、實驗組1與控制組1、2三組受試在一次GPA動態評量介入後，未發現有近遷移與遠遷移之現象。
四、實驗組2在GPA與E-GPA兩次動態評量中介教學後，發現有近遷移及遠遷移之現象。此外，在E-GPA中介時，提示量使用較GPA中介教學時明顯減少。
五、由實驗組2的受試中可發現：低能力層次學生進步量最大。
六、運用電腦化動態評量的介入可發掘具資優潛能的社經文化殊異資優生，但須考量中介的時間、學生的動機、提供學生說明解題策略的機會及設計減少分心的環境。

關鍵字

資優 ； 動態評量 ； 漸進提示系統 ； 社經文化殊異 ； 精緻化回饋 ； 泛泰雅族原住民

並列摘要

Standardized intelligence test has been used to assess learning potential of elementary school students in the process of gifted identification. But aboriginal students may not be recognized as gifted and talented in traditional intelligence tests because of their low socioeconomic status and cultural diversity, with the result that only a few students passed gifted identification test and entered the gifted program.
The focus of this paper was on the implementation of “Computerized Problem Solving Ability Test” and dynamic assessments for Pan-Atayal indigenous students to investigate the effects of the near versus far transfers and to discover the most effective intervention strategies for students’ potential development. There were two steps. Firstly, some Pan-Atayal totem, including Atayal, Truku, and Sediq totems were chosen to construct the “Computerized Problem Solving Ability Test” in order to discover the proportion of the Pan-Atayal students meet criteria for gifted identification. Secondly, when the “Computerized Graduated Prompting Assessment System” was designed using two types of dynamic assessments (DA), graduated prompting assessment (GPA) and elaboration feedback graduated prompting assessment (E-GPA) embedding different intervention strategies, the research questions which type of dynamic assessments could help to reveal students’ learning potential and the effect on near transfer (the scores of pre-test and post-test of Computerized Problem Solving Ability Test) and far transfer (the scores of pre-test and post-test of Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Third Edition, TONI-3) were examined.
An unequivalent pretest-posttest design was employed to examine the effects of the dynamic assessment procedures. Subjects of this study involved ninety-five 6th graders of Pan-Atayal aboriginal children in Taiwan. They were divided into four groups: (a) experimental group I (n=31): accepted the once-only intervention of GPA and were examined for the effects on both near and far transfers, (b) experimental group II(n=9): accepted the interventions of both GPA and E-GPA and were examined for the effects on both near and far transfer, (c) controlled group I(n=34): accepted non-intervention practices, and (d) controlled group II(n=30): accepted non-intervention practices but were examined for the effects on both near and far transfer.
The major instruments included “Computerized Problem Solving Ability Scale”, self-designed “Computerized Graduated Prompting Assessment System”, and ‘TONI-3. The data gathered was processed using t-test and F-test and the main findings were:
1.The “Computerized Problem Solving Ability Test” consisting of two factors and twenty-eight items showed good reliability and validity.
2.Data for a sample of 317 Pan-Atayal indigenous children at 6th grade showed a mean score of 9.21, a standard deviation of 4.64, and approximately 4.42 percent of the students met criteria for gifted identification.
3.No significant near and far transfer effects after GPA dynamic assessment were found for experimental group I, controlled group I, and II does not reveal near and far transfer.
4.Significant near and far transfer effects were found for experimental group II after the mediation under GPA and E-GPA, but a less prompt was used during the E-GPA mediation.
5.The finding in the experimental group II showed that the low functioning students benefit most from the experiment.
6.The use of computerized dynamic assessment may increase the participation of students with low socio-economic status/cultural diversity in gifted education programs so long as the implementation of the dynamic assessment include consideration of time for mediation, student’s motivation, opportunity to teach students problem-solving strategies and arrange environment to help them reduce distraction.

並列關鍵字

gifted ； dynamic assessment ； graduated prompting assessment ； socio-economic and culturally diverse ； elaboration feedback ； Pan-Atayal indigenous tribe

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