臺北市市民運動中心高齡者休閒運動動機、涉入與阻礙之研究

Behavioral Research on Leisure Sporting Motives, Involvement, and Constraints of Seniors Using Sports Centers in Taipei City

林季樺(Chi-Hua Lin)

指導教授 ： 張少熙

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/運動與休閒管理研究所在職碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

臺北市高齡的人口至2009年12月己達328,416人（約佔臺北市總人口12.6％），為全國高齡者密度最高的城市，因此本研究目的旨在瞭解臺北市市民運動中心65歲以上高齡者休閒運動之現況及休閒運動動機、涉入與阻礙因素，做為推動高齡運動政策與運動場館規劃之參考依據。本研究採用問卷調查方式，總計發放600份問卷，共計回收有效問卷557份，所得資料運用SPSS統計軟體分析，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定及皮爾森積差相關等統計方式進行分析處理，所得結果如下：一、所得基本資料以女性，70-74歲，專職家庭主婦，教育程度為國小及以下，已婚、配偶健在，自評健康情形「很好」，每月自主運用金額「3,000元（含）以下」、最常使用游泳池（SPA水療池、三溫暖設施）、每週4次(含)以上至市民運動中心休閒運動者最多；二、休閒運動動機以「健康體能」因素考量最高，休閒運動涉入以「吸引力」因素考量最高，休閒運動阻礙以「個人內在因素」考量最高；三、不同性別與教育程度在休閒運動動機上有顯著差異，不同教育程度在休閒運動涉入有顯著差異，不同年齡與教育程度在休閒運動阻礙上具有顯著差異存在；四、休閒運動動機與休閒運動涉入具有正相關顯著水準，休閒運動涉入與休閒運動阻礙呈現負相關顯著水準。因此本研究建議，在運動中心營運損益及避免減損其它付費族群之權益為前提的考量下，將開放對象年齡提早，鼓勵更多的高齡者及早養成休閒運動習慣、積極開辦高齡者健康促進課程、落實相關運動指導員培訓與發展高齡者運動處方，可降低高齡者休閒運動之阻礙；在運動場館方面，建議加強泳域衛生及安全、增設高齡者專屬休閒運動設施及場域，提供高齡者衛生、健康與安全的休閒運動環境，亦可提升高齡者參與休閒運動的興趣與習慣，減少休閒運動涉入的風險與傷害。

關鍵字

市民運動中心 ； 高齡者 ； 休閒運動動機 ； 休閒運動涉入 ； 休閒運動阻礙

並列摘要

As of December 2009, with 328,416 seniors aged 65 and above, which makes up about 12.6% of Taipei City’s population, Taipei City has the highest density of seniors in the nation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation, motives, involvement and constraints of the seniors in the Sports Centers of Taipei City, so as to serve as a basis to promote senior leisure sporting policies and administering of sports complexes. Out of the 600 questionnaires sent, data collected from the 557 valid questionnaires were processed with SPSS software to perform descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson product-moment correlation. The results are as follows: (a) Respondants of this study were mainly female aged 70 to 74 years old, housewife, below middle school education, married with spouse alive, excellent self-perceived health, with monthly expanse allowance of NT$3,000 and below, frequent pool user and visit the Sports Centers at least four times a month; (b) primary factors that influence leisure sporting motives, involvement, and impediments, are ‘physical fitness’, ‘attractiveness’, and ‘personal issues’ respectively; (c) participants of different sex and different age demonstrated significant differences in leisure sporting motives and leisure sporting constraints respectively, whereas participants with different education level differed significantly in leisure sporting motives, involvement, and constraints; (d) sporting motives are highly and positively correlated with sporting involvement. Base on the results of this study, the following recommendations are offered to tackle the constraints to leisure sporting for seniors: Young-elderly can also be entitled to a discount on sport facility fees on the premise that the Sport Centers operate with balanced income/expenditure and other paid customers’ right are not jeopardized in order to encourage more seniors to keep healthy leisure sporting habits. Provide more tailored health promotion courses for the elderly. Train fitness instructors for guidance and develop structure for issuing appropriate senior sporting prescriptions. On the other hand, the sports complexes should improve pool area’s safety and hygiene and deploy additional areas or amenities exclusively for seniors to provide a clean, healthy, and safe leisure sporting environment. These could raise the interest level of participating leisure sporting, and reduce the risks and injuries in leisure sporting involvement for seniors.

並列關鍵字

Taipei City Sports Centers ； Seniors ； Leisure Sporting Motives ； Leisure Sporting Involvement ； Leisure Sporting Constraints

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