新竹縣公立國中生休閒運動參與動機、阻礙因素與休閒效益之研究

Hsinchu County Public Junior High School Recreational Sports Participation Motivation, Constraints and Benefits of Leisure on Research

吳盛文(SHENG-WEN WU)

指導教授 ： 吳慧卿

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解新竹縣公立國中學生休閒運動參與動機、休閒運動阻礙因素與休閒運動效益之影響情形。以新竹縣公立國中學生19,850人為研究對象，透過自編之「國中學生休閒運動參與動機、休閒運動阻礙因素及休閒運動效益調查問卷」為工具實施調查，採分層叢集隨機抽樣，有效樣本數為1,596。以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因數變異數分析、Scheffe’s事後比較、結構方程模式等統計方法進行資料處理。研究結果歸納如下：一、新竹縣公立國中學生休閒運動參與現況，以有從事休閒運動的學生最多，有955（59.8％）人，其中平均每週從事休閒運動三次以上的人較多，有557（34.9％）人。在最常參與的運動類型中，從事球類運動的學生最多，有605（63.4％）人。二、學生休閒運動參與動機以「心理需求」動機最高，以「知識需求」為最低。而在休閒運動阻礙因素方面以「個人阻礙」為主要阻礙來源，最不受「人際阻礙」之影響。在休閒運動效益上以「心理效益」最受重視，「社會效益」得分最低。三、研究對象的「性別」、「就讀年級」、「課後補習」、「參與頻率」等四個背景變項，在休閒運動參與動機、休閒運動阻礙因素皆有顯著差異存在；而「課後補習」、「參與頻率」等兩個變項，在休閒運動效益有顯著差異存在。四、就休閒運動參與動機、休閒運動阻礙因素與休閒運動效益三者的關係而言，「休閒運動參與動機」對於「休閒運動效益」具有直接正向的影響力，但亦可藉由降低「休閒運動阻礙」以增加「休閒運動效益」。根據研究結果，建議學校常舉辦不同組別、層級的運動競賽，並開放運動場館及提高運動器材的妥善率以降低阻礙之發生，以滿足學生之運動參與動機，提高休閒運動參與頻率，進而獲得較多的休閒運動效益。

關鍵字

休閒運動 ； 參與動機 ； 阻礙因素 ； 休閒運動效益

並列摘要

This study aims to understand the motives, constraints, and benefits of leisure sport participation for students from public junior high schools in Hsinchu County. A total of 19,850 students from public junior high schools in Hsinchu County agreed to join this study as research subjects. Implementing the self-made “Questionnaire on Motives, constraints, and Benefits of Leisure sport Participation for Students from Public Junior High Schools, ”this study conducts proportionate stratified random sampling. While the effective sample size is equal to 1,596, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA), Scheffe’s post comparisons, structural equation modeling (SEM) and many other statistical methods are conducted for data processing.
The main results are summarized as follows.
1.Regarding the “leisure sport participation 955 out of the 1596 students (59.8%) had participated in leisure-time physical activities. On average, 557 out of the 955 students (34.9%) had done sport three or more times per week. Meanwhile, regarding the “most popular sports or sport,”605 out of the 1596 students (63.4%) had mostly engaged in ball games.
2.Regarding the “motives of leisure sport participation,” most students had engaged in sports activities, because of their “psychological needs ”while only a few people were doing sports just because of their “knowledge needs. ”Meanwhile, regarding the constraints factors, “personal factor” was the primary impediments while the “interpersonal challenge” being the least significant factor. Finally, regarding the benefits of leisure sport participation, “mental benefits” are most acknowledged while “social benefits” the least.
3.There are differences between motives and constraints factors of leisure sport Participation in terms of the four background variants (i.e., gender, grade, after-school cram sessions, and participatory frequency). Meanwhile, there are also significant differences in the benefits of leisure sport participation in terms of the two background variants (i.e., after-school cram sessions and participatory frequency).
4.Regarding the relationship between motives, constraints factors, and benefits of leisure sport participation, motives can exert a direct, positive influence on the benefits gained from leisure sport participation. Nonetheless, the benefits gained from leisure sport participation can also be increased by lessening the constraints factors.
According to research results, this study suggests that schools should hold sports competitions regularly across different groups or different grades, build stadiums, well-prepare and lower the failure rate of sports equipment, so as to satisfy motives and elevate the frequency of leisure sport participation among students while gaining more benefits from leisure sport participation.

並列關鍵字

Leisure Sports ； Motivation ； Constraints ； Benefits of Leisure Sports

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