兩個小畫家--小律和小媃圖畫背後的故事

Two little artists—The story behind the drawings of Luke and Ruth

李怡靜(Li yi-ching)

指導教授 ： 林育瑋

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/家政教育學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

在幼稚園中，畫畫的活動幾乎每天都會發生，在課程中、在自由活動中；出於成人的要求下、或出於自願性的。相關文獻指出畫畫是幼兒藉以與外界溝通的工具，從孩子在畫畫上的表現我們可以看到他們在心理與智力上的發展。除此之外，有研究者認為畫畫除了受孩子本身自發性的發展所影響外，情境因素是需要被考慮在內的，不同情境文化會影響孩子在畫畫上的表現模式。基於自己過去教室觀察的實際經驗與對孩子在畫畫表現上的興趣，在此研究中嘗試著以質性研究的精神詮釋發生在一個小班教室裡的畫畫活動，並藉著與小律和小媃這兩個小畫家的互動，探究「孩子在畫畫上的表現」這些可見行為背後的故事。
從現場的參與觀察以及訪談情境人們等方法所收集的資料發現，幼兒在畫畫表現上的成長除了與時間的變化有關以外，亦與教室裡所進行的主題內容、畫畫活動的情境、畫畫前老師的引導、以及老師和孩子在作品上的分享等因素有直接的關係。
因此當我們探究一個孩子在畫畫上的表現時，應進入孩子的世界，並與他們產生互動，這樣才能真正瞭解圖畫在孩子生活中的意義。此外在畫畫活動時，成人與孩子的互動，應注意引導用語的使用、介入的時機，並考慮孩子的個別差異，來給予不同的回應。最後希望藉由這個故事，可以將我所看到、所感受到的和大家分享，也希望藉由這個故事，讓我們一起進入孩子畫畫的世界。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 幼兒圖畫 ； 質性研究

並列摘要

Two little artists—
The story behind the drawings of Luke and Ruth
Abstract
It is true that the drawing activity happens in kindergarten almost every day. We can see drawing activity in designed curriculum or in free-play time, under the request of adult or from the will of children themselves. Some research found that children’s drawing is a kind of tool by which they can communicate with the real world. From children’s work, we can also understand the development of children’s mind and intelligence. Children’s drawing ability or performance is affected not only by their own development, but also by their environmental context.
Based on my participant observation in kindergarten classroom and my extreme interest on children’s drawing, I attempt to explore the drawing activity occurred in a four-year-old classroom with qualitative approach. Through the interaction with Luke(小律) and Ruth（小媃）, I understand the story behind the children’s drawing.
From the data, I found that the children’s drawing ability is growing with time. The other factors affected children’s drawing are: the theme going in the classroom, the developmental context, teachers’ guidance or direction, and the way of interaction between teachers and children.
If we want to know more about children’s drawing, we need to go into their world, and interact with them. Because of the individual difference of children, we need to reflect differently and pay attention to our own teaching attitude, and the appropriate time to intervene.
I hope that this story will help us understand how wonderful the children’s drawing is, and remind us to enter children’s drawing world and share and enjoy with them.

並列關鍵字

children’s drawing ； qualitative research

參考文獻

Barrett, M. ,Sutherland, A. & Lee, F. (1987) Visual realism in children’s drawings: The effect of instructions. ED 287 586.

Brooks, M.,(1995) Drawing: a language of young children. Early Childhood Education,28(2),16-20.

Eisner, E. W. (1991) The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice. N. Y.: Macmillan publishing company.

Glesne, C. & Peshkin, A.(1992) Becoming qualitative researchers. N.Y.: Longman.

Golomb, C.,(1993) Art and the young child: another look at the developmental question. Visual Arts Research,19 (1),1-15.