自然中心展示成效之研究—以台北市關渡自然公園為例

A study of the effectiveness of exhibits in the nature center---Gandau Nature Park

劉厚德(Liu Hou-Te)

指導教授 ： 張子超

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究之目的在於針對自然中心內的展示進行評量，藉由實地現況的調查與資料收集、問卷以及現場遊客行為觀察與紀錄等研究方法，瞭解自然中心之展示對來園遊客在環境教育目標中的覺知、知識、態度及其興趣和收穫上的影響情形與可能產生影響之因素，並取得遊客在自然中心內使用展示設施與環境的行為特性和對於目前館內展示設施使用後的想法與建議，以供未來園方進行展示更新時之規劃設計參考。

綜合研究資料與分析結果，獲得以下之研究發現：
一、「展示成效評量與影響因素」方面
（一）自然中心館內常設性展示在展示內容訊息之傳遞的成效上之結
果並不十分理想。
（二）遊客參觀經驗的個人、社會、環境等三種脈絡皆可能影響展示
內容訊息之傳達成效。
（三）自然中心館內展示的內容較能讓參觀遊客認識及感受到溼地環
境之美，較無法使其瞭解與體認到溼地與人的關係及其重要
性。
（四）影響遊客在溼地展示主題上覺知、知識、態度等三層面之收穫
程度，主要仍取決於其參觀經驗中的環境脈絡。
（五）大部分遊客在展示內涵中有關環境態度上之想法所受的影響不
多。
（六）實體物件、模型、模擬情境以及具有變化性的動態型展示媒材
比靜態型的圖像、文字更具吸引遊客注意的能力。
二、「遊客特性與意見回饋」方面
（一）來園遊客以台北地區具高等學歷之中產階級的年輕家庭為主。
（二）一般遊客來園目的主要是為了能夠親近自然、休閒和進行教育
學習，平時也較常留意環保相關資訊，並對於公園的鳥類特別
感興趣。
（三）入館遊客以情侶型和同儕型之遊客較願意花時間在參觀展示
上，二樓所花時間平均較一樓為多。
（四）遊客對於展示的呈現方式，普遍上較為偏好圖像式以及動態型
的展示。
（五）較為遊客喜好的展示所具備的成功展示特質包括：“主題與生
活有關”、“能迅速傳達訊息”、“有參與性”、“有視覺吸
引力”、“有活生生的動植物”、“包含可令人理解的物件和
或樣本的範例”、“有教育價值的”等。
（六）強調展示內容的豐富度、活潑性與互動性，並注意均衡各年齡
層遊客的學習條件，同時增加解說服務的質與量。

針對研究結果，有如下幾點建議：
一、「研究結論建議」部分
（一）多考量較低年齡層與外籍或殘障人士的展示參觀需求。
（二）增強教育性之展示解說內容並調整各環境教育目標上的比重。
（三）加強中心二樓「望遠鏡與落地窗溼地景觀」之展示說明並搭配
更為精緻的解說與環境教育活動方案。
（四）館內展示未來更新或改善時可增加展示的變化性、動態性與互
動性並多利用實際具體的物件。
（五）需同時注重遊客的社會與環境脈絡二部分的參觀經驗以提增其
對於展示訊息內涵的接收成效。
（六）著重與強化遊客參觀經驗中的環境脈絡部分以提高其在溼地環
境教育內涵上的收穫程度。
二、「後續研究方向」部分
（一）個別展示的深入評量。
（二）不同遊客基本特性調查。
（三）溼地環境教育的展示內涵架構研究。
（四）展示的角色定位與呈現型態特色。

關鍵字

關渡自然公園 ； 自然中心 ； 展示

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the exhibitions in the nature center, with methods such as examination of the scene, data collecting, questionnaires, and observation and recording of visitor behavior, in order to find out how exhibitions in the nature center influence visitors, in terms of such aspects as awareness, knowledge, attitude, interest and learning emphasized in the objectives of environmental education, and the possible causes of such influences. The research also aims to provide the behavioral characteristics of visitors who use the exhibition facilities in the nature center, and their ideas and suggestions after using the facilities, which can be referred to when the nature center organize future exhibitions.

After analyzing the data, the following results are found:
1.exhibition, evaluation, and influences:
a.The constant exhibitions in the nature center do not show a satisfactory result in terms of the effectiveness of conveying exhibition content messages.
b.Visitors’ three visiting experience contexts---personal, societal, and environmental---all have influence on the exhibitions’ effectiveness of conveying exhibition content messages.
c.The exhibitions in the nature center are more likely to enable visitors to appreciate the beauty of wetlands, and more unlikely to make them understand the importance of wetlands and its relationship with human beings.
d.How much visitors learn from the exhibitions on the levels of awareness, knowledge, and attitude, largely depends on the environment context among the three visiting experience contexts.
e.The exhibitions do not have too much impact on visitors’ environmental attitudes.
f.Real objects, models, mimic situations, and dynamic media attract more attention from visitors than static pictures and words.
2.visitor characteristics and feedback:
a.Visitors are mostly middle class young families with high education level from Taipei.
b.Generally visitors come to the nature center for nature, recreation, and learning. They are especially interested in birds, and they often read information on environmental education.
c.Among all visitors, lovers and friends are more willing to spend time viewing the exhibits, and they spend more time on the second floor than on the first.
d.Generally, visitors prefer visual and dynamic presentations.
e.Exhibitions that attract more visitors have the following successful qualities: ‘subject related to everyday life,’ ‘messages conveyed quickly,’ ‘sense of involvement,’ ‘visual attraction,’ ‘live plants and animals,’ ‘containing comprehensible objects and (or) samples,’ and ‘being educational.’
f.Organizers must increase the variety, vividness and interaction of the exhibits. Also, they must be aware of the different learning conditions of visitors of all ages, and enhance the quality and quantity of explanations.

Suggestions that come from research results are as follows:
1.suggestions for research conclusions:
a.The needs of visitors of a younger age and those of foreign and handicapped visitors should be taken into consideration.
b.Organizers should increase educational interpretations, and adjust the proportions of environmental education objectives.
c.Organizers should improve explanatory documents related to the exhibition of ‘the Telecope and the French Window Wetland Scene,’ which can be accompanied by better interpretation service and agendas on environmental education activities.
d.When organizers renew or improve exhibitions in the future, they can increase the variety, dynamics, and interaction of exhibitions and the use of real objects.
e.Organizers must also consider visitors’ societal and environmental contexts in their visiting experiences, in order to improve the effectiveness of visitors learning from the exhibition content messages.
f.The environmental context, among all three visiting experience contexts, must be focused upon and intensified, in order to enhance visitors’ learning from the contents of wetland environmental education.
2.suggestions for further research:
a.profound evaluation of individual exhibitions
b.research of basic qualities of different visitors
c.research of exhibition content framework of wetland environmental education
d.role orientation and display features of exhibitions

並列關鍵字

Gandau Nature Park ； Nature Center ； Exhibits

參考文獻

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