從形態與生理證據重新探究密紋波眼蝶複合群的分類問題

Revisit the taxonomic problems of Ypthima multistriata species complex based on morphological and physiological evidence

闕宏軒

指導教授 ： 徐堉峰

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生物學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

許多眼蝶亞科及蛺蝶亞科之表型會受到環境因子的調控，致使成蟲形態在系統分類上的應用價值需重新評估。密紋波眼蝶複合群在台灣具有最高之歧異度，且隸屬於該複合群的”北橫型族群”及”南雅型族群”之系統分類地位曖昧不明，本論文係利用環境介量、幼生期生理及形態與成蟲形態資料對台灣該複合群的種類進行探究，並對眼紋大小與溫度的相關性做一初步的測試。
於幼生期方面，有效積溫、幼蟲形態形值單變數分析與主成分分析均支持將該複合群分為3群：密紋波眼蝶、白帶波眼蝶、江崎波眼蝶。而北橫型、南雅型與王氏波眼蝶均被納入江崎波眼蝶群中。然於成蟲形態與環境介量方面，卻又支持將江崎波眼蝶群細分成2群：江崎-北橫型波眼蝶，與王氏-南雅型波眼蝶。在溫度與眼紋大小的相關檢測上，亦支持著細分成2群的論點。
綜合整個研究，所有資料結果均否證Uémura & Koiwaya將王氏波眼蝶處理為密紋波眼蝶之同物異名的看法。至於在分類處理上，我建議將密紋波眼蝶複合群區分為3個分類單元：密紋波眼蝶、白帶波眼蝶與江崎波眼蝶。而有關於江崎波眼蝶內部族群的分化程度，冀望未來能以分子觀點佐證以釐清其中的盲點。

關鍵字

密紋波眼蝶 ； 複合群 ； 形態測量 ； 發育 ； 系統分類

並列摘要

Wing morphology and wing patterns of some satyrine and nymphaline butterflies are often inconstant and largely effected by environmental factors. Therefore, the classification based on these two traits can be very misleading. In the present study, I selected the Ypthima multistriata species-complex, which reaches its highest species diversity in Taiwan, to address three questions: (1) if variations of wing morphology correspond with some environmental factors; (2) what are the systematic positions of the Ypthima samples from Bei-heng and Nan-ya? and (3) what are the possible phylogenetic patterns of this species-complex in Taiwan? I applied morphological, physiological and ecological methods to investigate these questions based on all the members of the complex in Taiwan. The results of day-degree and morphological characters using ANOVA and principal-components analyses suggest that three internal groups, i.e. Y. multistriata, Y. akragas, and Y. esakii (including the “Bei-heng” form, “Nan-ya” form, Y. wangi and Y. esakii), can be defined within the complex. The analyses based on adult wing and genitalic morphometrics and habitat preferences further suggest that two subgroups, i.e. Y. esakii+Beiheng and Y. wangi+Nanya can be recognized within the Y. esakii group. This grouping is also corroborated by the analyses which estimate the correlations between the eyespot sizes and development temperature. The above results reject the hypothesis that Y. wangi is conspecific with Y. multistriata. However, the inter-relationships of the Y. esaki group can not be inferred based on the present results, and therefore the questions can only be answered using molecular techniques in future studies.

並列關鍵字

Ypthima multistriata species complex ； adult morphology ； physiology ； systematics

參考文獻

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