學童版中式飲食頻率問卷之發展研究

The development of a food frequency questionnaire for school children

余雅萍(Yu Ya-ping)

指導教授 ： 盧立卿

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究目的為發展適用於國小高年級以上學童自填的中式飲食頻率問卷，內容包括飲食項
目、飲食頻率及飲食份量，期望未來能收集大樣本的長期飲食攝取資料，為國內學童飲食
研究及探測相關假說的重要基礎工具。研究先進行18位7-12歲學童之飲食訪談與質性觀察
，作為設計問卷的基本質性資料，並使用衛生署家庭飲食與健康研究中國小學童(n=197)之
24小時飲食回憶(24-h recall)資料為研發問卷之量性資料依據。問卷架構考慮學童之回憶
能力，分為三餐次、點心及飲料五大類，先將24小時飲食回憶資料中625項食物歸為96小類
後再計算各類的營養素貢獻率，最後決定放入問卷的飲食項目共80項，並於問卷最後開放
填寫未出現但食用頻率高的食物項目。飲食頻率為從未~大於7次/週共6種。質性研究發現
學童無法明確說明份量，因此飲食份量採單一份量，份量的運算克數參考市售份量及24h-
recall的平均攝取量。研究並進行兩次效度分析，第一次效度分析為了解問卷的合適性，
將原24h-recall(n=110)的食物填入設計的問卷後，計算營養素攝取量並與原24h-recall之
結果相比較。第二次為相對效度分析，由古亭國小五、六年級學童(n=36)自填學童版中式
飲食頻率問卷及1天飲食記錄，比較兩種評估方式的結果。第一次效度之研究結果發現中式
飲食頻率問卷之營養素貢獻率平均達92%，且與24h-recall的營養素相關係數為0.34~0.78
，皆達顯著差異(p<0.01)。第二次效度之研究結果發現：1.國小五、六年級學童大部分能
自行填寫此問卷。2. 審查為無效問卷者佔29%。3.由於學童自行填寫飲食記錄之結果普遍
低估，除維生素C及鈣之攝取量在兩種評估法達顯著相關( r=0.34 & 0.37, p<0.05)外，其
他營養素並無相關性。未來信效度研究應增加樣本數及改善飲食記錄的方法及增加天數，
以利此問卷進一步之發展。

關鍵字

飲食評估法 ； 中式飲食頻率問卷 ； 效度研究 ； 國小學童

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to develop a self-administered Chinese food
frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for school children. The development for the FFQ
included three steps. The first step was to understand the pros and cons of
various dietary assessments in children. The second step was to collect the
children’s dietary data by 24-h recalls and to design the contents of the
FFQ. Both food list and standardized portion sizes were developed using 24-h
recall data from 197 school children respondents from “Family diet, nutrition
and health study in Taipei metropolitan area”. The FFQ divides into five
parts including breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks and drink in consideration of
the memory ability of　children. Foods reported by these children (625
different foods) were grouped into 96 similar food items. Total 80 food items
and standardized portion sizes were decided on the basis of their contribution
to total intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, cholesterol, vitamin
B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, Fe and Ca, total 10 key nutrients of the study
population, and represented over 90% of each of these nutrients. The third
step was to analyze the adequacy of the food lists and potion size and conduct
the pilot study of FFQ. The results showed the mean nutrient estimates
accuracy rate for 10 selected key nutrients was 92%. The correlation
coefficients between　nutrients estimated by 24-h recalls and FFQ were 0.37~0.
78 (p<0.01). The results of the pilot study are following: First, senior
grades of school children (mean age: 11.3±0.3) could complete FFQ in 15-20
minutes by self. Second, the invalid questionnaires are 29%. Third, because
one-day food records by children had lower estimates generally, the correlation
coefficients for energy and 16 nutrients intake ranged from 0.37 for calcium
to 0.01 for niacin. Only vitamin C and calcium were significantly correlated
with 2 methods (p<0.05). In conclusion, FFQ has become popular for the
assessment of usual diet intake. This questionnaire could be self-administered
by school children over 10 years old. The validity of the questionnaire
remains to be further tested.

並列關鍵字

Chinese food frequency questionnaire ； dietary assessment ； validation study ； school children

參考文獻

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