市場導向的教育改革過程中教師工作性質的探討

楊士賢

指導教授 ： 張建成

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

近年來，世界主要國家紛紛把市場機制引進教育場域，這趨勢對身處教育第一現場的中小學教師產成極大的衝擊。到底市場機制將提供教師工作一個向上提升的良好背景，還是如同Stephen Ball所言，會「驅走教師的心靈」呢?為了回答這個問題，研究者先探討相關文獻，了解各種不同的觀點，再進行實證調查，檢證何種觀點較適用於臺灣現況。

本研究以臺灣北部六縣市國民中學教師518人為樣本，並以自編之「教育改革與教師工作問卷」為工具，調查不同背景的國中教師所知覺到的教育市場導向趨勢，並考驗市場導向與教師工作性質的相關及預測情形。本研究以t考驗、變異數分析，Pearson積差相關及多元迴歸分析等方法進行資料分析，獲致如下結論：

一、教育改革中的市場導向大致可分為市場競爭、家長選擇、學校自主、多樣化與私有化五個層面
二、台灣目前教育改革中市場導向的趨勢堪稱明顯
三、市場導向的趨勢在都市化程度高的地區較明顯
四、年長與資深的教師感受到較高的市場導向趨勢
五、市場導向會使教師的工作負荷增加
六、市場導向無法使教師的自主權增加
七、市場導向會使教師知覺到較高的專業性
八、市場導向不利於學校同事間的關係
九、對教育市場導向的過度樂觀態度有待進一步商榷

關鍵字

教育改革 ； 市場導向 ； 教師工作性質

並列摘要

The global trend of market orientation in educational reform has strong impact on the work of the teacher. Some said that marketization could encourage teachers to work more diligently by promoting competition and therefore offers an opportunity for professionalization of the teacher. While others ,such as Stephen Ball, said that marketization would eliminate the soul of the teacher when schools are increasingly subject to the logics of the market. The purpose of the study is to investigate which statement is more applicable in Taiwan.

For the goal of this study ,at first ,a careful literature review is taken to establish theoretical models .Then, questionnaire method is used to test the models.518 junior high school teachers in six north counties of Taiwan serve as samples. A self-designed questionnaire is employed as a research instrument ,which is to examine market orientation perceived by teachers with different backgrounds and to test the correlation and prediction between market orientation and job characteristics of the teacher. Statistical methods such as“T-Test”,“One-Way ANOVA”,“Analysis of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation”, and“Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis”were used in the study. The major findings are listed as follows :

1.The concept of “market orientation”could be divided into five parts, including “market competition”,“parental choice”,“school autonomy”,“variety”and“privatization”.
2.There's an increasing powerful trend of market orientation in educational reform in Taiwan.
3.The level of market orientation in urban areas is significantly higher than in rural areas.
4.Senior teachers are significantly higher than junior teachers in terms of the perception of market orientation.
5.Market orientation makes teachers perceive higher level of workload.
6.Market orientation has done little to promote teacher autonomy.
7.Market orientation makes teachers perceive higher level of professionalism.
8.Market orientation has a negative effect on the relationship among teachers.
9.We should hold a more deliberate attitude toward the market orientation in education.

並列關鍵字

Educational Reform ； Market Orientation ； Job Characteristics of the teacher

參考文獻

戴曉霞（1999）。市場導向及其對高等教育之影響。教育研究集刊，第四十二輯，233-254

陳明德 (2000)。國民小學實施家長教育選擇權可行性之研究-以台北縣為例。國立台北師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。

Nias, J., Southworth, G. & Campbell, P. (1992). Whole school curriculum

Robertson,S. L. (1996). Teachers' work, restructuring and postfordism: constructing the new 'professionalism', in I. F. Goodson and A. Hargreaves (eds) (1996). Teachers professional lives, London, Falmer Press.

Ahonen, S. (2000). What happens to the common school in the market? Journal of Curriculum Studies , 32(4), 483-93.