地方派系對選舉影響之研究 ─ 以美濃鎮1998年∼2003年選舉為例

The Study of the Influence to Electing by the Local Factions — Take the Elections in Mei-Nung Town from 1998 to 2003 as an example

劉滿娣(Man-Di Liu)

指導教授 ： 黃人傑博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/政治學研究所在職進修碩士班/碩士(2004年)

摘要

臺灣地區的選舉，長期以來，受到地方派系的影響極為深遠。自從1949年，國民政府播遷來臺，辦理全國性地方選舉以來，地方派系即逐漸主宰與壟斷地方的政治、經濟等國家大政，進而干預中央權力的分配。在一黨獨大的威權時期，地方派系勢必與政治、經濟利益相結合才得以壯大。地方派系與國民黨之間，儼然是生命共同體，彼此是相互依侍的關係。它常會因經濟的景氣與否、社會的脈動、政黨的輪替，而產生變化。它對社會民主化的過程、轉型，固然有其重要性，但是其所衍生的社會問題、政治問題，卻是極為深遠，且值得分析研究的。
本文研究方法，主要採取文獻分析法、票櫃分析法、田野調查法、及深度訪談法，分析美濃鎮地方派系、宗親、政黨、社團等組織，對地方政治與選舉之影響。希冀能將發現之問題，對往後地方派系的研究者，不論在學術探討上，理論架構上，或是鄉鎮級派系之研究上，有所裨益。
本文旨在研究，美濃鎮地方派系之沿革、變遷、與發展。並透過地方性鎮民代表、鎮長；全國性立法委員、總統之選舉，時間自1998年至2003年，析論地方派系與政黨之間的互動關係。藉由搜集的票櫃統計數據，實地訪談的口述資料，匯集為研究重點，進一步探討研究美濃鎮地方派系的運作模式。
研究發現，美濃鎮的地方派系由來已久，它是在台灣歷次選舉環境中自然形成的。隨著政治體制的變遷，地方派系的動員管道與實力，容或有些鬆動，但各派系的領導核心依舊鞏固，派系板塊依然沒有位移。

關鍵字

壟斷 ； 一黨獨大 ； 生命共同體 ； 相互依侍

並列摘要

The elections in Taiwan have been deeply influenced by local factions for a long time. Since the national government moved to Taiwan and implemented the national and local elections in 1949, the local factions gradually dominated and monopolized the national policies on politics and economics of the local areas, and further intervened on the attributions of central power. During the authoritarian period of one-political-party only government, the local factions had to connect with political and economical benefits in order to grow. The local factions and the KMT (Kuomintang) seemed to become a life-joint-body, which was interdependent with each other. The local factions often changed depending upon the economical conditions, the social movements, and the alternation of political parties. Though they were important to the process and change in social democratization, the social and political problems following them were extremely influential and worth to the analysis.

The research methods of this study mainly applied approaches of documental analysis, ballot-box analysis, ethnography, and in-depth interview to analyze the influences on local politics and elections by the organizations of local factions, clansmen, political parties and clubs, and so on. I hope that the questions that I found could benefit future researchers who research local factions academically and theoretically.

The research focus of this study was on the local faction’s origin, change, and development in Mei-Nung. Through the analysis of elections for the residential committees and chief officer of the town, and the national legislators and president from 1998 to 2003, the interrelationship between the local factions and political parties was discussed. By the collection of statistics of ballot-boxes and the oral material from field interviews，they formed the theme of this study and further helped the researcher explore the operation model of local factions in Mei-Nung.

This result found that the local factions in Mei-Nung had existed for a long time, which was naturally developed in the environment during every election. Following the change of the political system, the mobilization methods and the power of local factions might become a little loose; however, the power of the leading cores still stabilized and no move of the political plates had been found.

並列關鍵字

Monopolize ； One political-party only ； Life-Joint-Body ； Interdependent