男性性別角色態度與擇偶偏好之研究 －以高科技產業未婚男性為對象分析

A Study on the Male Gender-role Attitude to Mate Selection preference – Analyzing Unmarried Males in the High-tech industry as the Subjects

洪櫻溶(Ying-Jung Hung)

指導教授 ： 林如萍

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討未婚男性之擇偶偏好，並進一步分析個人因素(年齡、教育程度、異性交往經驗)、家庭因素(家中排行、居住狀況、父母婚姻狀況)、工作因素(工作時數、出差狀況、工作職位與工作職務)，以及性別角色態度對男性擇偶偏好之影響。
本研究採用問卷調查法，以在桃竹苗地區從事高科技產業之未婚男性為研究對象，透過紙本與網路問卷兩種方式進行資料收集，共得540份有效樣本。以SPSS 11.0 for Windows 統計套裝軟體進行描述統計、多元迴歸、單因子變異數分析（One-Way ANOVA）、薛費（Scheffe Method）事後比較等統計分析。研究結果發現：
一、 在性別角色態度方面，未婚男性雖普遍認同兩性平權之觀念，但對女性家庭角色之看法仍傾向傳統；且年齡愈大、具異性交往經驗、與父母共同居住之未婚男性，其性別角色態度愈傾向傳統。
二、 未婚男性擇偶時最偏好的條件為：有愛的感覺、彼此溝通良好、對感情專一、身體健康、雙方彼此吸引、個性相投、和我的家人和睦相處、孝順、顧家、個性樂觀開朗、為人老實可靠與善解人意，超過八成的受試者認為這十二項是重要擇偶條件。
三、 以本研究歸納之五大面向擇偶條件觀察，發現未婚男性最偏好「情感取向」面向，其次為「內在特質」面向與「家庭取向」面向，最不受重視的則是「能力條件」面向。
四、 分別就五大面向觀察未婚男性擇偶偏好，發現受試者普遍重視各項情感條件；在內在特質部分，未婚男性較偏好具「和善性」、樂觀開朗、老實可靠之女性； 家庭取向面向中，未婚男性最偏好「和我的家人相處和睦」、「孝順」、「顧家」等條件；生理條件中，未婚男性最看重女性之身體健康，「未曾與他人發生過性關係」則是所有條件中最不受重視的項目；能力條件中，未婚男性較重視「家世清白」與「工作穩定」。
五、 本研究探討之各項因素中，以性別角色態度對擇偶偏好之影響最為顯著，可預測未婚男性對生理條件、能力條件、家庭取向之重視程度，性別角色態度愈傳統之未婚男性，愈重視此三面向之條件。
六、 除性別角色態度外，僅教育程度與父母婚姻狀況可預測未婚男性之擇偶偏好。研究發現教育程度較低之未婚男性，較偏好女性之「家庭取向」條件；父母婚姻狀況為「分居、離婚」者，更重視女性內在特質面向之條件。至於年齡、異性交往經驗、家中排行、居住狀況與工作因素等變項，則不影響男性之擇偶偏好。

關鍵字

未婚男性 ； 性別角色態度 ； 擇偶偏好 ； 擇偶條件

並列摘要

The purpose of the study lies in exploring unmarried males’ mate selection preferences, and in further analyzing how individual factors (age, schooling, opposite sex relationship), family factors (family ranking, state of residence, parental marital status), working factors (work hours, state of business trips, work position and work responsibility), and their gender-role attitude affect male mate selection preferences.

The study adopts the questionnaire survey method focusing on unmarried males working in the high-tech industry across the Taoyuna, Hsinchu and Miaoli areas as the study subjects, in which paper and Internet questionnaires are used for data gathering, deriving a total of 540 valid samples. Upon undergoing statistical analyses using SPSS 11.0 for Windows statistics package software for statistics description, and post comparisons using the multiple reserve, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe method and so forth, the study findings unveiled that,

I. In gender-role attitude, unmarried males general identify with the gender equality concept, and that the gender role attitude among males of older age, with opposite sex relationship and live with their parents tend to be more conventional.
II. Criteria governing unmarried males’ mate selection preferences are: having the feeling of being loved, fine mutual communication, monogamous to love, healthy body, mutual attraction, compatible personalities, interacting well with my family members, respectful of parents, care for the family, a sunny and open personality, being honest, dependable and understanding, which more than 80% of the respondents reckon the twelve categories to be critical mate selection criteria.
III. Observation made using the five tendency mate selection criteria concluded by the study showed that unmarried males tended to gravitate toward the emotional tendency, followed by inherent attribute tendency and family oriented tendency, and least emphasized was the competency criterion tendency.
IV. Observation made to unmarried males’ mate selection preferences using the five major tendencies found that the respondents tended to emphasize on a host of emotional criteria; in inherent attributes, unmarried males tended to prefer women with agreeableness, sunny and optimistic disposition, honest and dependable. In family oriented tendency, unmarried males most preferred criteria such as interacting well with my family members, respectful of parents, caring for the family. In physiology criteria, unmarried males emphasized most a female’s physical health, while never having any sexual relationship with others was the least emphasized category of all. In competency criteria, unmarried males tended to emphasize more on good family background and stable work.
V. In the study’s exploring all factors, the impact of gender-role attitude in mate selection preferences was found to be most ominous, which served to predict the level unmarried males emphasize physiology criteria, competency criteria and family orientation, and that the more conventional unmarried males hold in their gender-role attitudes, the more emphasizes they would placed on these three criterion tendencies.
VI. Besides gender role attitudes, only education and parental martial status could be used to forecast unmarried males’ mate selection preferences. The study found that unmarried males with a lower education tend to prefer women with family oriented criteria; and those with a parental marital status being separated or divorced tend to focus more on women’s inherent attribute tendency criteria. As to the variants of age, opposite sex relationship, family ranking, state of residency, and work factors, they tended to bear no impact to males’ mate selection preferences.

並列關鍵字

unmarried males ； gender-role attitude ； mate selection preference ； mate selection criterion

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