雄性赤尾青竹絲Trimeresurus s. stejnegeri活動模式與活動方法學之探討

Study on the activity pattern and methodology of movement of male Chinese green tree viper, Trimeresures s. stejnegeri

蕭之維(Tsu-Way Shiau)

指導教授 ： 杜銘章

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生物學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

中文摘要
蛇類活動受溫度、天敵、性別、年齡等環境或個體因子影響，有時也隨著因子變化而更改其活動模式。由於性別可能會有顯著影響,因此本研究只選擇數量較多的雄性赤尾青竹絲做為研究對象來檢驗線團法的適用性及不同取樣間隔的結果，並嘗試以無線電追蹤了解雄性赤尾青竹絲的活動；另外研究其日活動模式、日活動模式的季節性變化及季節性活動變化，不同活動指標是否表現相同的季節變化及嘗試了解其活動範圍。
使用線團法和直接觀察的雄性赤尾青竹絲，其活動量並無顯著差異(paired t-test, p=0.131, n=10)，顯示線團法可用時蛇類追蹤觀察。不同時間間隔記錄蛇的位置座標，可以估算出行走距離及活動量，當觀察記錄間隔延長時，估算值會有越低估的現象。間隔為1小時及6小時，其所估算活動量達到實際的92.2 ％及66.4 ％。植入無線電發報器的赤尾青竹絲都死亡而未順利追蹤。
以線團法追蹤觀察福山植物園水生植物池的雄性赤尾青竹絲，結果一天之內黃昏活動量明顯上升，夜晚稍降但一直維持著一定活動量，白天幾乎不活動，其活動以黃昏夜晚為主。夏秋冬春四季分別以線團法追蹤9、8、6、11隻個體。其四季中日活動模式的變化大致維持不變，僅在冬季活動低，黃昏夜晚的活動和白天差別並不顯著。夏秋冬春四季的平均活動量分別為36 ± 19、17 ± 8、4 ± 2、7 ± 2 cm/hr(Mean ± SE)。以夏季最高，秋季次之，冬季最低。且追蹤吞食無線電發報器的雄蛇顯示其冬季並無聚集冬眠的現象。
夏秋冬春四季的活動量若選擇以上半夜活動量、活動頻率及最長連續不活動日做指標時，也都呈現和平均活動量相同的趨勢。即活動量的高低順序為夏、秋、春、冬。但雄蛇捕捉率卻以春季最高，夏季次之，冬季最低故捕捉率指標和其他季節的活動量指標並不相同。在雄性赤尾青竹絲的活動範圍上，一個月內約為29800立方公尺，三個月以上應在195000立方公尺以內。

關鍵字

赤尾青竹絲 ； 活動模式 ； 活動方法學 ； 雄性 ； 線團法 ； HASH(0x8c607e4)

並列摘要

Abstract
The aims of this study are: (1) examining the suitability of tread bobbin and radiotelemetry in tracking Chinese green tree vipers; (2) check effect of different sampling intervals on estimating activity; (3) investigating their daily activity pattern and checking whether it shifts in different season (4) studying seasonal activity pattern and displaying it by different indexes; and (5) estimating home ranges of Chinese green tree vipers. Because male Chinese green tree vipers are more numbers than females and sexes may influence activity significantly, I used only males in this study. I estimated the snake moving distance, the index of activity by recording the position of snakes repeatedly.
The activities of snakes, tracking by tread bobbin had no difference with that by directly observation (paired t-test, p=0.131, n=10). This implied thread bobbin is suitable for tracking snakes. But, the snakes died after surgery for subcutaneous implanted transmitters. When the sampling interval for snake position was prolonged from 1 to 6 hours, the estimated activity became 92.2% and 64.4% of real activity.
The male Chinese green tree vipers began active in the dust, and kept active in the night but the magnitude was lower than that in the dusk. During the day, they remained inactive mostly. Above daily activity pattern did not change through different season except in winter. The activity was so low that no difference of movement was found between night and day in winter. The daily average activity in summer, autumn, winter, and spring was 36 ± 19、17 ± 8、4 ± 2、7 ± 2 cm/hr(Mean ± SE) respectively. The activity was highest in summer, and lowest in winter during which, the snakes didn’t aggregated for hibernation. Above seasonal activity pattern remained the same when examined by different activity indexes, such as the activity in first half night (19:00-1:00), frequency of movement, and longest inactive days. However, the pattern was different, if I used the capture rate of male snakes as the index of activity. The capture rate was highest in spring, secondary in summer, and lowest in winter. The home range size of male Chinese green tree viper was about 29,800 m3 in one month, and was below 195,000 m3 when recording period was longer than three months.

並列關鍵字

Chinese green tree viper ； activity pattern ； methodology of movement ； movement ； thread bobbin ； male

參考文獻

movement, and activity of the eastern worm snake,Carphophis

Blanchard, F.B. and E.B.Finster.1933.A method of marking living

problems and results.Ecology14(4):334-347

mammal tracking with a spool and line technique.

for permanently marking snakes (Reptilia,Serpentes).