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  • 學位論文

台北巿五歲兒童特定型語言障礙之調查研究

A Survey on Prevalence of Specific Language Impairment in 5-year-old Preschool Children

指導教授 : 林寶貴
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摘要


本研究的主要目的在探討台北市五歲兒童特定型語言障礙(SLI)之盛行率、語言發展情形,及影響特定型語言障礙兒童語言發展的相關因素,據以提供幼稚園教師、特教教師、語言治療師及家長,實施早期介入和語言訓練之參考。 本研究對象係為八十八學年度就讀台北市公立幼稚園滿五歲的兒童,依叢集抽樣方式,就台北市十二個行政區,各區抽取一所公立幼稚園大班為取樣樣本。調查樣本共有999名兒童,其中男生546名,女生453名。 本研究採用「五歲兒童語言障礙檢核表」、「學前兒童語言障礙基本資料調查表」、「托尼非語文智力測驗-幼兒版甲式」、「學前兒童語言障礙評量表」為蒐集資料的工具。 研究結果發現: 1. 台北市五歲兒童SLI的盛行率為3.03%。 2. 學前SLI兒童其口語表達能力明顯低於語言理解能力。 3. 學前SLI兒童的語言特徵如:聽知覺處理、聽覺記憶困難、字彙的提取技巧有困難、使用新字有困難、語法的錯誤、語用的異常、自述故事的能力差、使用語彙的數量較少及有尋字困難等。 4. 在語法方面,說話時的句型結構常有省略、顛倒、及不合文法的現象。 5. 在語用方面,有說話不合情境及答非所問的現象。 6. 學前SLI兒童在不同個人背景中,男生比女生高出2.7倍;有兄弟姊妹者居多;家中主要使用語言以國台語居多;家庭社經地位以中低社經地位者居多。 7. 學前SLI兒童的語言理解能力、口語表達和語言發展能力方面,在性別、家中兄弟姊妹、家中主要使用語言方面的差異,並未達顯著差異水準;但在家庭社經地位方面則有顯著差異存在。 8. 學前SLI兒童的語言理解能力,與家中兄弟姊妹數、家中主要使用語言兩變項,並未達顯著相關;但與性別及家中主要使用語言兩變項則有顯著相關。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of specific language impairment (SLI) in 5-year-old preschool children, to understand the language development of SLI, to discuss the correlated variables influenced the language ability of SLI children. From a stratified cluster sample in Taipei 12 districts, 999 children were screened. The major results of this study were as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of 5-year-old preschool children with SLI in Taipei was 3.03%. 2. The expressive language abilities of SLI children were significantly lower than their receptive language abilities. 3. There were characteristics of SLI children's language behavior: difficulties in auditory processing, auditory sequencing, auditory memory, short attention span, word retrieval skills, novel word learning and grammatical morpheme usage, lower task in narrative, limited vocabulary and word finding problem. 4. SLI children were difficulty to establish syntax features. They were missing for the feature of sentence. 5. SLI children were deficits in the acquisition of pragmatic, for example, inappropriate conversation. 6. A 2.7:1 male to female ratio was found for SLI. Also, most of SLI children's sibling numbers were more than the only child, the main spoken language in their family was bilingual, most of their family's social-economic status was lower. 7. There was not significant difference in the scores of language expressive, receptive, and language development within SLI children in gender, siblings, and family spoken language, but in family's social-economic status was significant. 8. There was significant correlation between SLI children's gender and family spoken language in language receptive abilities.

參考文獻


李淑娥(民84):發展障礙幼童語言溝通問題
林寶貴、林竹芳(民82a):語言障礙兒童語言發展能力及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育研究所。
張斌、盛華、馬文蘭(民66):台北市七歲學童語言缺陷調查研究。耳鼻喉科醫學雜誌,12(2),15-25。
劉富梅、鍾玉梅、黃秀珍與劉憶平(民83):高雄市一年級普通班學童語言障礙調查研究。聽語會刊,10,20-29。
林寶貴、林美秀(民82b):學前兒童語言發展能力及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。

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溫伊筠(2008)。圖畫書教學對幼稚園弱勢兒童語彙能力之影響〔碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00031
呂信慧(2016)。遲語兒兩歲至四歲的語言發展預測與社會情緒特性〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201610338
鄭安安(2008)。特定型語言障礙學齡兒童的語音知覺特性〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.10115
陳昱君(2012)。學齡前特定型語言障礙兒童新詞學習與音韻處理能力之探究〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315291210

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