國民中學學校行政混沌現象之研究

徐振邦

指導教授 ： 張明輝

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

本研究之主要目的，首先，在探討混沌理論應用在學校組織上之可行性，其次，探討學校行政運作歷程中是否有混沌現象之存在，再者，瞭解國民中學學校行政人員對於學校行政運作歷程中混沌現象知覺的現況，最後，綜合研究發現，提出改進國民中學中混沌管理策略的建議。
　　為達成上述目的，本研究兼採文獻分析、觀察法與問卷調查法三種研究方法，首先透過理論分析，探討混沌理論的內涵、混沌理論在學校行政研究的可行性以及混沌現象的特性；其次，根據文獻探討之結果以及閱讀校務管理相關資料的事前準備工作，實際觀察一所學校，以了解學校行政運作中所存在的混沌現象；再者，根據文獻探討以及觀察的結果，編製「國民中學混沌現象知覺調查問卷」，進行調查研究，以瞭解目前台灣地區北部六縣市國民中學學校行政人員對於混沌現象的知覺情形，及其對混沌理論的接受程度和對校園隨機事件的看法；最後根據研究發現，提出具體建議事項。本研究調查對象包括台灣省北部六縣市（台北市、台北縣、基隆市、桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市）國民中學教務、總務、訓導、輔導四處室之校長、主任、組長以及處室職員，共抽取100所學校，發出1174份問卷，回收有效問卷735份，並採用SPSS for Windows 8.0統計套裝軟體進行資料之統計分析。
　　綜合文獻分析、觀察及問卷調查的結果，獲得以下各項結論：
一、宜將混沌理論視為學校行政的研究典範之一。
二、學校中人事物的互動關係無法完全加以預測。
三、學校行政組織會同時產生混亂和統一的複雜特性，尚待進一步探索。
四、可由人口和學校變項中的排序差異情形發現歧異點。
五、國中學校行政人員對自我組織性的知覺會影響其對混沌管理的接受程　　度。
六、性別對於混沌現象的相關知覺會有所不同。
七、國中學校行政人員對影響隨機事件與行政人員有關因素資訊的需求趨　　於保守。
　　根據研究結論，本研究提出以下建議：
一、教育行政機關或學校宜開設學校行政混沌管理之相關課程。
二、學校宜建構促進組織發展的學校行政專業成長小組。
三、重視校外相關資源的運用。
四、重視教育事件的發展脈絡。
五、平等看待兩性在學校行政的工作角色。
六、在研究方法上可採用不同的方法來加以研究；在研究對象上可抽取私　　立、不同地區不同層級的學校或是教師、學生、家長、教育行政人員　　、社區的相關人士加以擴大；在研究內容上，研究者也提出五個可再　　深入探討的相關研究方向。

關鍵字

混沌 ； 混沌理論 ； 混沌現象 ； 學校行政

並列摘要

The main purposes of this study are to explore the validity of the application of Chaos Theory to school organizations, and to explore what Chaos phenomenon exists in school administrational processing, and to investigate the current situation of junior high school administrators' perception of Chaos phenomenon in school administrational processing. Then the researcher synthesizes the findings and offers proposals for improvement of Chaos management strategies in junior high schools.
In order to accomplish the purposes, this study has adopted the methods of historical document analysis, observational research and questionnaire. Firstly, through the theoretical analysis, the researcher explores the meanings of Chaos Theory, the validity of the applications of Chaos Theory to school administrational studies, and the specificity of Chaos phenomenon. Secondly, according to the result of exploring the historical documents and school administrative documents, the researcher was permitted to a school to have a ten-day observational research. Thirdly, accordingly to the result of exploring historical documents and of observations, the researcher compiled " Questionnaire for Chaos phenomenon perception in junior high schools" so as to understand the current situation of junior high school administrators' perception about Chaos phenomenon, acceptance of Chaos manage-ment and the attitude toward random events emerging in junior high schools. Finally, the researcher offers substantial suggestions based upon the conclusions of this study. The subjects of this study with sample size of 1174 subjects and the effective number of 735 subjects are randomly selected from school staffs, which belongs to junior high schools in northern part of Taiwan. The data of questionnaire have been proceeded for statistical analysis under the "SPSS for Windows 8.0" statistics package software.
Synthesizing the findings of exploring historical document analysis, observational researching and questionnaire, the conclusions have been reached as following:
1. Chaos theory can be seen as one of the paradigms to school administrational research.
2. The interactions of people, events and matters in school can not all-be-predicted.
3. The complex characteristics that disorder and order coexists at the same time of school administrational organization need more explorations on them.
4. The critical points can be found from the ordinal variables' difference ranking.
5. Junior high school administrators' perception of self-organizing can influence their acceptance of Chaos management.
6. There are significant differences among different genders.
7. There is not much call for information about the relative factors that point out administrators may effect random events of junior high school administrators.
According to the result of this study, the researcher draws the following proposals:
1. Educational institutions and schools need Chaos management curriculums of school administration.
2. Each school must construct their own professional improving groups of school administration to catalyze its advance.
3. Do appreciate the usage of all kinds of resources outside the school.
4. Pay attention to the processing contexts of educational events.
5. Treat genders equally on work roles of school administration.
6. For further studies: Using different methods, having different sampling and adapting five further approaches that the researcher has suggested.

並列關鍵字

Chaos ； chaos theory ； chaos phenomenon ； school administration

參考文獻

陳木金（民89）。從奇特吸子理論談新世紀的學校行政革新。學校行政雙月刊，第5期，頁30-44。

黃乃熒（民88）。隱喻的意義及其在學校行政問題解決的應用。教育研究集刊，第42輯，頁171-202。

張明輝（民86）。學校組織的變革及其因應策略，輯於國立台灣師範大學教育研究集刊，第38期，頁1-21。

Katherine E. Goff, A system view of curriculum: models of chaos and collaboration. [WWW page] URL http://ouray.cudenver.edu/~kegoff/ccurriculum.html

Slowinski, J.(1997). Administrators in Wonderland: Leadership through the new sciences. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.: ED420922).