優秀游泳選手捷泳出發動作之運動學分析

Kinematic analysis of freestyle start of elith swimmers

唐瑞顯

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

本研究的主要目的在了解優秀游泳選手捷泳出發動作實施上的特質，並找出影響出發動作之重要參數。受試者是6名國立台灣師範大學甲組游泳代表隊，平均年齡為21.5±0.89歲，身高為174.3±1.90公分、體重為69.2±7.61公斤。使用兩部高速攝影機、一部JVC攝影機以及Peak Motus影像分析系統對選手出發動作進行運動學上的分析。本研究使用SPSS 8.0 for WINDOWS統計軟體，以皮爾遜積差相關法比較重要參數與出發表現之相關程度。研究結果受試者的反應時間為0.21±0.02秒，動作時間為0.54±0.04秒，出發時間為7.21±0.51秒，入水距離為3.49±0.24公尺，起跳水平速度為4.33±0.22秒。
經研究後得到以下結論：
（一） 出發表現、滯空時間、起跳水平速度以及起跳角度都與動作時間達到顯著負相關，而入水距離、滯空時間、起跳衝量以及起跳角度都與跳板距離達顯著負相關。
（二）出發表現與起跳水平速度、出發表現與起跳合速度、動作時間與跳板距離以及起跳衝量與起跳水平速度分別達到顯著正相關。
（三）受試者增加起跳水平速度、起跳合速度以及起跳衝量的，縮短動作時間以及跳板距離，才能有較佳的出發表現。

關鍵字

生物力學 ； 運動學 ； 游泳 ； 出發

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to analyze the start of elite swimmers and to find out important parameters influencing swimming start performance. Six trained college swimmers from National Taiwan Normal University swimming team participated in this study. Two Peak cameras and a JVC camera were positioned perpendicularly to the movement direction to collect the data. The video data were digitized and calculated with Peak Performance Motus system.
The results were as follow: the reaction time was 0.21± 0.02 sec; action time was 0.54±0.04 sec; start time was 7.21±0.51 sec; enter distance was 3.49±0.24 meters; takeoff horizontal velocity was 4.31±0.22 m/s; and the conclusions were: 1. Start performance、flight time、takeoff horizontal velocity and takeoff angle were negatively related with action time ; and the enter distance、flight time、takeoff impulse and takeoff angle were negatively correlated with board distance. 2. There were significantly positive correlations between start performance and takeoff horizontal velocity、 start performance and takeoff resultant velocity、action time and board distance、takeoff impulse and takeoff horizontal velocity.
It was suggested that the swimmers should increase the takeoff horizontal velocity、takeoff resultant velocity and takeoff impulse, and decrease the action time and board distance in order to improve the start performance.

Key words：、

並列關鍵字

Biomechanics ； Kinematics ； Swimming ； Freestyle

參考文獻

James E. Counsilman (1977). Competitive Swimming Manual for Coaches and Swimmers. 210-215. Counsilman Co., Inc. Bloomington, Indiana.

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John A. Miller, James G. Hay, and Barry D. Wilson (1984). Starting Techniques of Elite Swimmers. Journal of Sports Science, 1984,2,213-223.

V. M. Zatsiorsky, N. Zh. Bulgakova, and N. M. Chaplinsky (1975). Biomechanical Analysis of Starting Technique In Swimming.

Betty J. Vickers, and William Vincent (1989). Swimming. 69-73. Wm. C. Brown Publishers Dubuque, Iowa.