我國學校體育政策之研究（1949 ~ 1997）

The research on the ROC policy of physical education for schools

曾瑞成(Tseng Juei Chen)

指導教授 ： 許義雄 ； 謝文全

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/博士(1999年)

摘要

為探討我國政府遷台後學校體育政策之形成背景、政策重點與政策特質，本研究乃運用歷史研究法、內容分析法，對執政者之體育理念、教育部之體育施政計畫、成果報告、以及各項有關體育法規等進行分析研究，最後獲得下列結論：
一、我國學校體育政策之形成，受政策決策者之體育理念，兩岸間政治、軍事情勢之轉變，國內政治、經濟、社會文化之發展，以及國際體育潮流等因素之影響。
二、我國學校體育政策之重點，在政府遷台初期以培養自衛衛國、復國建國之國民為目標，民國六十年退出聯合國以後，轉為培養優秀運動選手、參與國際競賽、拓展外交空間，以及培育身心均衡、健全發展之國民為目標。
三、我國學校體育政策具備軍事化導向、競技化導向及教育化導向三項特質，民國六十年以後並以競技化及教育化導向為兩大主軸。
四、各級學校體育政策之發展方向為：小學階段以獲得運動樂趣、培養興趣為導向；國中階段以培養休閒運動習慣及獲得運動樂趣為導向；高中以上階段則以提昇體適能及培養休閒運動習慣為導向。
五、提高體育教師素質，充實、有效管理運動場地設施，並以生動活潑、合乎教育原理之方法，實施多元化之體育課程，應為推展學校體育正常化發展之重要策略。

關鍵詞：體育政策、學校體育、中華民國

關鍵字

體育政策 ； 學校體育 ； 中華民國

並列摘要

The research on the ROC policy of physical education for schools
Graduate Student: Tseng Juei Chen
In order to investigate the formative background, the main points and characteristics of the ROC policy of physical education for schools after 1949, this research utilizes historical and content analysis methods. Such methods enable us to study and analyze the concepts of the authority towards physical education, the administrative plans and achievement reports of the ministry of education for physical education and all the relative laws and regulations governing physical education. Finally, we are able to reach the following conclusions：

Firstly, the formation of the ROC policy of physical education for schools has been influenced by the following factors listed below. These factors include；governmental decision making, current cross-strait political situation, changes in military situation, developments in internal politics, economy and social culture and lastly, the international tendencies toward physical education.

Secondly, the main point of the ROC policy of physical education for schools is to cultivate citizens able to defend themselves, and their country. Thus , citizens capable of reviving and reconstructing their nations (as during the ROC government retreat to Taiwan in former years). However, since 1971 , the goal of physical education has shifted to the cultivation of excellent athletes, participation in international competition, enlargement of diplomatic space and in the raising of citizens who are healthy in mind and body, such as were evident at the time the ROC government recoiled from the united nations.

Thirdly, the characteristics of the ROC policy of physical education for schools are military-orientated, sport-orientated and education-orientated. After 1971,sport and education became the two main focuses.

Fourthly, the development of the ROC policy of physical education for primary school is to inspire students' sports interests；for junior high school is to cultivate the students' habits in leisure and enjoyable sport；for senior high school and beyond, the focus in on promoting students' physical fitness and on the cultivation of good recreation and leisure habits regarding physical activity.

The fifth and final point is the goal of raising the quality of physical education teachers, improving and managing the athletic facilities effectively, implementing a multifarious physical education curriculum that is both vigorous and in accord with educational theory. The above are the important stratagem for promoting the normalization of physical education for schools.

Key words：policy of physical education, physical education for school, ROC.

並列關鍵字

policy of physical education ； physical education for school ； ROC